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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aerobic respiration and it's equation |
ATP is generated by oxidative phosphorylation Oxidation of molecules liberates electrons for an ETC Final electron acceptor is O2 Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP |
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Steps in aerobic respiration |
Glycolysis Krebs cycle ETC |
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Glycolysis and where is occurs and its products |
The first stage in catabolism, an enzyme catalyzed pathway, means splitting of sugar Occurs in: cytoplasm Products: 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, 2NADH |
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What goes into acetyl CoA formation, where does it occur, and what are its products |
2 pyruvic acid go in Occurs in: cytoplasm Products: 2 acetyl CoA, 2CO2, 2NADH |
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What goes into the Krebs cycle, where does it occur, and what are its products |
2 acetyl CoA go in Occurs in: cytoplasm Products: 4CO2, 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2ATP |
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Steps in ETC |
Coenzyme carrier molecules (NADH, FADH2) carry original energy from glucose Electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass along the chain in a stepwise fashion FMN -> Q -> Cyt B -> Cyt C1 -> Cyt C -> Cyt A -> Cyt A3 |
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Components involved in ETC |
Carrier molecules of ETC (FMN, Cyt B, C, A, coenzyme Q) Coenzyme carrier molecules (NADH, FADH2) ATP synthase Oxidative phosphorylation |
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ETC products and oxygen requirement |
Products: 6H2O, 34 ATP Oxygen requirement: not required because an inorganic compound can replace O2 as the final electron acceptor but it yields less ATP than aerobic respiration |
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3 types of carrier molecules |
Flavoproteins: protein molecule (FMN) Cytochromes: protein molecule, has iron containing group called a heme (Cyt B, C, A) Coenzyme Q: small, non protein carrier (ubiquinones) |
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What is chemiosmosis and how does it help to produce ATP |
Mechanism that utilizes a proton (H+) gradient (proton motive force) across the membrane to generate ATP ATP synthase: ADP + P -> ATP Chemiosmosis generates most of the ATP in cellular respiration |
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Aerobic respiration |
Final electron acceptor in ETC is molecular O2 Yields 38 ATP |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Final electron acceptor in ETC is an inorganic compound Yields 2-36 ATP Same pathway as aerobic |
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Fermentation |
The incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates on the absence of O2 |
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Fermentation characteristics |
Absence of O2 like anaerobic Organic compounds are terminal electron acceptor Only goes through glycolysis Yields a small amount of ATP (2) |
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Types of fermentation and their products |
Alcohol fermentation: produces ethanol and CO2 Lactic acid fermentation: produces lactic acid Mixed acid fermentation: produces several acids simultaneously (acetic, lactic, succinic, and formic acids, CO2) |
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Homolactic and heterolactic fermentation |
Homolactic: produces only lactic acid Heterolactic: produces lactic acid and other compounds |
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Examples of lactic acid, heterolactic, alcohol, and mixed acid fermentation |
Lactic acid: streptococcus, lactobacillus, bacillus Heterlactic: E. coli, salmonella, enterobacter Alcohol: saccharomyces (yeast) Mixed acid: enterobacteruaceae |
