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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
All materials that occupy space and have mass |
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Compound |
Molecules that are combinations of two or more different elements |
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Molecules |
A chemical substance that results from the combination of 2 or more atoms |
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Element |
Unique types of structures made from the 3 subatomic particles |
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Name the element: C, H, O, N, Ca, K, Na, Cl, P |
C - carbon H - hydrogen O - oxygen N - nitrogen Ca - calcium K - potassium Na - sodium Cl - chlorine P - phosphorus |
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Atom |
Smallest part of an element that contains protons, electrons, and neutrons |
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Proton, electron, and neutron location/charge |
Proton - positive, nucleus Electron - negative, electron cloud Neutron - no charge, nucleus |
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Chemical bond |
Results when 2 or more atoms share, donate, or accept electrons |
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Ionic bond |
Attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions (anion and cation), electrons are transferred Strongest bond, NaCl |
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Covalent bond |
When 2 atoms share electrons Stronger than hydrogen bonds, O2 or H2 |
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Hydrogen bond |
Occurs between a hydrogen covalentely bonded to one molecule and an oxygen/nitrogen atom on the same or a different molecule Weakest bond, H2O |
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Anion and cation |
Anion - negatively charged ion (Cl-) Cation - positively charged ion (Na+) |
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Energy |
Power derived from utilization of physical and chemical resources |
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Kinetic, potential, and chemical energy |
Kinetic - energy of motion Potential - energy by virtue of position relative to others Chemical - energy of chemical compounds stored in their bonds |
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Structure of water |
Polar molecule with a slight negative charge on oxygen and positive charge on hydrogen (water molecules attracted together by polarity) |
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Importance of water |
Life on earth began in water, water covers most of earth |
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Properties of water |
Attraction to polar molecules High specific heat and heat of vaporization Lower density of ice High polarity Cohesion and surface tension Universal solvent |
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Enzyme |
Biochemical catalysts Contain active site where substrate binds Can only perform one type of reaction Can be denatured by pH, salt, temp Name ends with -ase |
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ATP |
Adenosine Triphosphate Energy currency of cells |
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Acid and base |
Acid: donate H+ (proton), pH below 7 Base: accept H+ (proton), pH above 7 |
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Organic compund |
Biological molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen Ex. Carbohydrates (C, H, O), lipids (C, H, O), proteins (C, H, O, N), nucleic acids (C, H, O, N, P) |
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Inorganic compound |
Does not contain both hydrogen and carbon Ex. NaCl, CaCO3, CO2 |
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Synthesis reaction |
Reactants bond together to produce a new molecule (A + B = AB) |
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Decomposition reaction |
Bonds in a single reactant are broken to release 2 or more new molecules (AB = A + B) |
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Exchange reaction |
Reactants trade portions and release products that are a combination of the 2 (AB + CD = AC + BD) |
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Reactants and products |
Reactants - before reaction Products - after reaction |
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are made up of which elements |
Carbohydrates - C, H, O Proteins - C, H, O, N Lipids - C, H, O |
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What has a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen and oxygen |
Carbohydrates |
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Characteristics functions and examples of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein |
Carbohydrates - monosaccarides, glucose, fructose, maltose Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol, fats, oils, myolic acid Protein - amino acids, enzymes, cell wall, ribosomes |
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Mono, di, and polysaccharides |
Monosaccharide - simple sugar, most basic carb (glucose, fructose) Dissaccharide - 2 sugars (sucrose, lactose) Polysaccharide - many sugars (starch, cellulose, glycogen) |
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Mononers of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
Carbohydrates - monosaccharides Lipids - fatty acids, glycerol Nucleic acids - nucleotide Protein - amino acid |
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How are proteins denatured |
pH, salt, temperature |
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Nucleic acids help make |
DNA and RNA |
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Components of nucleotides |
5 carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenoud base |
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5 nitrogenous bases |
Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine Uracil |
