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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1.What are the four types of vertebrate tissue? |
Epithelium |
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Membranous tissue of tightly connected cells from layers with relatively little ECM |
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Apical: upper side – faces lumen |
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4.What are the terms used to describe epithelium layer types and cell shapes? Define each term. |
Simple: one layer |
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5.What does the structure of epithelium indicate about the tissue? |
Simple squamous: wide surface, thin layer, easy transmembrane mvmt across (filtration, osmosis, diffusion; blood vessel: gas exchange) |
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6.Describe the type and function of epithelium in the following: small intestine, blood vessel, skin, trachea |
Small intestine: simple columnar (absorption, protection) |
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7.What are the major cell types of the gut epithelium & what are their functions? |
Absorptive cell: densely-packed microvilli (absorption and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes) |
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8.What type of cell junctions do the gut, tracheal epithelium, and skin have? Why is each type of junction important for each tissue? |
Gut: tight junction (virtually impermeable layer – prevents infection) |
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9.What would happen if tracheal epithelium lost their cilia? |
If tracheal epithelium were unciliated, the layer of mucus (created by the Goblet cells) carrying debris would not be moved out of the trachea |
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10.What type of cell junctions do blood vessels have? Why not tight? |
Adjustable tight junctions: allow passage of fluid and gas |
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11.Is barrier protection the only function of the skin? Explain your answer. |
The cornification of the skin also serves to provide structural integrity |
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12.Define connective tissue. |
Tissue that supports, binds, or separates tissues or organs |
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13.What is the most common connective tissue cell type? |
Fibroblasts: dispersed in connective tissue through body |
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14.Is the fibroblast completely specialized (i.e., terminally differentiated)? |
No, it can differentiate into other connective tissues cell types (bone, cartilage, fat, smooth muscle) |
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15.What type of connective tissue does cartilage form? What is the function of chondrocytes within cartilage? Why is this function so critical? What is the function of cartilage? |
Very dense connective tissue |
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16.What type of connective tissue does bone form? What is the function of bone? |
Very dense connective tissue |
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17.List the major cell types of bone along with their function and the cell type they are derived from. |
Osteoblasts: secrete matrix of bone ; major component; develop from mesenchymal stem cells in bone periosteum and marrow |
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18.What would happen if the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts were disrupted? (i.e., What would happen to bone if there were too many osteoblasts or too many osteoclasts?) |
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have opposing functions, balancing each other out |
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19.What type of connective tissue does adipose form? What is the function of adipose? What cell type are adipocytes derived from? |
Very loose connective tissue |
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20.Define muscle tissue. How is actin and myosin important to muscle tissue? |
Contractile tissue composed of cells rich in filaments made of actin & myosin, which produce the motive force for contraction |
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21.Describe the 4 types of muscle cells. |
Skeletal muscle: movements under voluntary control; highly elongated shape and striated (striped); orderly array of sarcomeres (contractile units) |
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22.Define nervous tissue. What cells make-up nervous tissue? What is its function? |
Main component of central nervous system and PNS (peripheral nervous system) |
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23.What is a nerve? |
Enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the PNS surrounded by a layer of connective tissue |
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24.What is myelin? And what is its function? |
Neurological cells wrapped around axons |