Instrument Pilot

Front 1

IAP

Back 1

Instrument Approach Procedure

Front 2

SIDs

Back 2

Standard Instrument Departures

Front 3

STARs

Back 3

Standard Arrival Routes

Front 4

VOR

Back 4

VHF Omnidirectional Range

Front 5

DME

Back 5

Distance Measuring Equipment

Front 6

GPS

Back 6

Global Positioning System

Front 7

ILS

Back 7

Instrument Landing System

(Precision Approach)

Both Lateral & Vertical Guidance

An electronic system that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance to a specific runway used to execute a precision instrument approach procedure. The course width is between 3 and 6 degrees.

Front 8

LOC

Back 8

Localizer

(Non-Precision Approach)

Lateral Guidance Only

The portion of the ILS that gives left/right guidance information down the centerline of the instrument runway for final approach.

Front 9

Visual Approach

Back 9

An approach to landing under visual conditions.

Front 10

MAP

Back 10

Missed Approach Point

A point prescribed in each instrument approach at which a missed approach required visual reference has not been established.

Front 11

IFR

Back 11

Instrument Flight Rules

Front 12

IMC

Back 12

Instrument Meteorological Conditions

Front 13

AC

Back 13

Advisory Circular

Front 14

AD

Back 14

Airworthiness Directive

Front 15

ADF

Back 15

Automatic Direction Finder

Front 16

A/FD

Back 16

Airport/Facility Directory

Front 17

AHRS

Back 17

Altitude and Heading Reference System

Front 18

ARTCC

Back 18

Air Route Traffic Control Centers

Front 19

ATIS

Back 19

Automatic Terminal Information Service

Front 20

ATS

Back 20

Air Traffic Service

Front 21

AWBS

Back 21

Aviation Weather Briefing Service

Front 22

AWOS

Back 22

Automated Weather Observation System

Front 23

CTAF

Back 23

Common Traffic Advisory Frequency

Front 24

DUATS

Back 24

Direct User Access Terminal Service

Front 25

ELT

Back 25

Emergency Locator Transmitter

Front 26

FAF

Back 26

Final Approach Fix

The fix from which the IFR final approach to an airport is executed, which identifies the beginning of the final approach segment.

Front 27

FAP

Back 27

Final Approach Point

Front 28

FIKI

Back 28

Flight Into Known Icing

Front 29

G/A or GA

Back 29

Go Around

Front 30

GP

Back 30

Glide Path

Front 31

G/S

Back 31

Glideslope

The portion of the ILS approach which gives horizontal guidance down to the threshold of the instrument runway for final approach.

Front 32

HIRL

Back 32

High Intensity Runway Lighting

Front 33

IAC

Back 33

Instrument Approach Chart

Front 34

IAF

Back 34

Instrument Approach Fix

The fixes depicted on IAP charts that identify the beginning of the initial approach segment.

Front 35

IF

Back 35

Intermediate Approach Fix

Front 36

IFP

Back 36

Instrument Flight Procedure

Front 37

LNAV

Back 37

Lateral Navigation

Front 38

LPV

Back 38

Localizer Performance w/ Vertical Guidance

Front 39

MDA

Back 39

Minimum Decent Altitude

(Non-Precision Approach)

The lowest altitude (in feet MSL) to which descent is authorized in execution of a nonprecision IAP.

Front 40

MDH

Back 40

Minimum Descent Height

Front 41

MEA

Back 41

Minimum Enroute Altitude

The lowest published altitude between radio fixes that ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.

Front 42

MEF

Back 42

Maximum Elevation Figure

Front 43

MEL

Back 43

Minimum Equipment List

Front 44

METAR

Back 44

Meteorological Aerodrome Report

Front 45

NDB

Back 45

Non-Directional Beacon

Front 46

NOTAM

Back 46

Notice to Airmen

Front 47

NPA

Back 47

Non-Precision Approach

Front 48

OBS

Back 48

Omni-Bearing Selector

Front 49

PAPI

Back 49

Precision Approach Path Indicator

Front 50

PAR

Back 50

Precision Approach Radar

Front 51

PIREP

Back 51

Pilot Report

Front 52

SIGMET

Back 52

Significant Meteorological Information

Front 53

TAF

Back 53

Terminal Area Forcast

Front 54

TDZ

Back 54

Touch Down Zone

Front 55

TFR

Back 55

Temporary Flight Restriction

Front 56

VASI

Back 56

Visual Approach Slope Indicator

Front 57

VMC

Back 57

Visual meteorological Conditions

Front 58

VNAV

Back 58

Vertical Navigation

Front 59

PA

Back 59

Precision Approach

An instrument approach in which both course and glide slope information is provided.

Front 60

APV

Back 60

Approach w/ Vertical Guidance

Front 61

NPA

Back 61

Non-Precision Approach

Front 62

DH

Back 62

Decision Height

(Precision Approach)

A specified altitude in the precision approach, charted in ‘height above threshold elevation’, at which decision must be made to either continue the approach or to execute a missed approach.

Front 63

WAAS

Back 63

Wide Area Augmentation System

Front 64

CDI

Back 64

Course Deviation Indicator

Front 65

HSI

Back 65

Horizontal Situation Indicator

Front 66

TDZE

Back 66

Touch Down Zone Elevation

The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface, TDZE is indicated on the IAP chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized.

Front 67

ALS

Back 67

Approach Landing System

Front 68

IM

Back 68

Inner Marker

Front 69

VGSI

Back 69

Visual Glide Slope Indicator

Front 70

MOCA

Back 70

Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude

The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route segments which meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 25 statute (22 nautical) miles of a VOR.

Front 71

MRA

Back 71

Minimum Reception Altitude

The lowest altitude at which an airway intersection can be determined.

Front 72

MCA

Back 72

Minimum Crossing Altitude

The lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher MEA.

Front 73

MAA

Back 73

Maximum Authorized Altitude

A published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude or FL for an airspace structure or route segment.

Front 74

MSA

Back 74

Minimum Safe Altitude

The minimum altitude depicted on approach charts which provides at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance for emergency use within a specified distance from the listed navigation facility or waypoint.

Front 75

ORCA

Back 75

Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude

Provides obstruction clearance with a 1,000 foot buffer in non-mountainous terrain areas and a 2,000 foot buffer in designated mountainous areas within the United States . Might not provide signal coverage from ground-based navigational aids, ATC radar, or communications coverage.

Front 76

MVA

Back 76

Minimum Vectoring Altitude

Lowest MSL altitude at which an IFR aircraft can be vectored by a radar controller except as otherwise authorized for radar approaches, departures, and missed approaches. Meets IFR obstacle clearance criteria and may be lower than the published MEA along an airway. May be used for vectoring only upon controller’s determination that an adequate radar return is being received from the aircraft being controlled. Not charted for pilots, is typically only available to controllers.

Front 77

Procedure Turn

Back 77

The maneuver prescribed when it is necessary to reverse direction to establish an aircraft on the intermediate approach segment or final approach course.

Front 78

NoPT

Back 78

No Procedure Turn

Used with the appropriate course and altitude to denote the procedure turn is not required.

Front 79

RVR

Back 79

Runway Visual Range

The instrumentally-derived horizontal distance a pilot should be able to see down the runway from the approach end, based on either the sighting of high-intensity runway lights, or the visual contrast of other objects.

Front 80

Alternate Airport

Back 80

Designated in an IFR flight plan, provides a suitable destination if a landing at the intended airport becomes inadequate.

Front 81

Clearance Void Time

Back 81

Used by ATC to advise an aircraft that the departure clearance is automatically canceled if takeoff is not made prior to a specified time. The pilot must obtain a new clearance or cancel the IFR flight plan if not off by the specified time.

Front 82

Clearance

Back 82

Allows an aircraft to proceed under specified traffic conditions within controlled airspace, for the purpose of providing separation between known aircraft.

Front 83

Cruise Clearance

Back 83

Used in an ATC clearance to allow a pilot to conduct flight at any altitude from the minimum IFR altitude up to and including the altitude specified in the clearance. Also authorizes a pilot to proceed to and make an approach at the destination airport.

Front 84

Clearance Delivery

Back 84

Control tower position responsible for transmitting departure clearances to IFR flights.

Front 85

DP

Back 85

Departure Procedure

Preplanned IFR ATC departure/obstacle avoidance procedures, published for pilot use in textual and graphic format.

Front 86

Glide-slope Intercept Altitude

Back 86

The minimum altitude of an intermediate approach segment prescribed for a precision approach that ensures obstacle clearance.

Front 87

Stepdown Fix

Back 87

Permits additional descent within a segment of an IAP by identifying a point at which an obstacle has been safely overflown.

Front 88

Compass Locator

Back 88

A low-power low- or medium-frequency radio beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker of an ILS.

Front 89

Holding

Back 89

A predetermined maneuver that keeps aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance from ATC.

Front 90

Standard Holding Pattern

Back 90

A holding pattern in which all turns are made to the right.

Front 91

DA

Back 91

Decision Altitude

A specified altitude in the precision approach, charted in ‘feel MSL’, at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.

Front 92

Circling Approach

Back 92

A maneuver initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing when a straight-in-landing from an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable.

Front 93

Precipitation Static

Back 93

A form of radio interference caused by rain, snow, or dust particles hitting the antenna and inducing a small radio-frequency voltage into it.

Front 94

St. Elmo’s Fire

Back 94

A corona discharge that lights up the aircraft surface areas where maximum static discharge occurs.

Front 95

OM

Back 95

Outer Marker

VHF marker beacon used in the ILS. When the NDB compass locator is co-located with an OM , it is shown as LOM on instrument approach charts.

Front 96

MM

Back 96

Middle Marker

VHF marker beacon used in the ILS. When the NDB compass locator is co-located with an MM, it is shown as LMM on instrument approach charts.

Front 97

SDF Approach

Back 97

Approach that provides final approach course similar to the ILS localizer, but may or may not be aligned with the runway and the course may be wider than the standard ILS localizer, resulting in less precision. The course with of the SDF signal emitted from the transmitter is fixed at either 6 degrees or 12 degrees as necessary to provide maximum flyability and optimum approach course quality.

Front 98

LDA

Back 98

Localizer Type Direction Aid Approach

The LDA approach is of comparable utility and accuracy to a localizer but is not a part of a complete ILS. The LDA course width is between 3 and 6 degrees and thus provides a more precise approach than an SDF approach.

Front 99

Federal Airways

Back 99

Class E airspace areas that extend upward from 1,200 ft. to, but not including, 18,000 ft. MSL, unless otherwise specified.

Front 100

Victor Airways

Back 100

The VOR airways are predicated solely on VOR and VORTAC navigation aids, they are depicted in blue on aeronautical charts.

Front 101

Hi to Low, Look out Below

Back 101

As temperature or pressure altitude decreases, the altimeter will read higher than the actual flight level you are at. EG: A change from 30.00” hg to 29.90” hg will result in a 100 ft. change in altitude. If your altimeter read 3000 ft. msl . at 30.00” hg you would actually be flying at 2900 ft. msl.

Front 102

Standard Rate Turn

Back 102

3 degrees per second or 2 minutes for a full 360-degree turn.

Front 103

RB

Back 103

Relative Bearing

The number of degrees measured clockwise between the heading of the aircraft and the direction from which the bearing is taken.

Front 104

MH

Back 104

Magnetic Heading

The direction an aircraft is pointed with respect to magnetic north.

Front 105

MB

Back 105

Magnetic Bearing

The direction to or from a radio transmitting station measured relative to magnetic north.

Front 106

Homing

Back 106

Flying an aircraft on any heading required to keep the needle pointing directly at the 0 degree relative bearing position toward a navigational facility.

Front 107

Tracking

Back 107

Flying a bearing that will maintain the desired track to or from a station regardless of crosswind conditions.

Front 108

WCA

Back 108

Wind Correction Angle

Angle between the desired track and the heading necessary to keep an aircraft on the desired track.

Front 109

Reverse Sensing

Back 109

When the VOR needle indicates the reverse of normal operation. This occurs when the aircraft is headed toward the station with a FROM indication or when the aircraft is headed away from the station with a TO indication.

Front 110

Permitted Aircraft Speed per Altitude

Back 110

HMA - 6000ft 200 KIAS

6001 - 14000ft 230 KIAS

14001 and Above 265 KIAS

Front 111

Aircraft Approach Categories

Back 111

Category A Speed less than 91 KIAS

Category B Speed 91 - 121 KIAS

Category C Speed 121 - 141 KIAS

Category D Speed 141 - 166 KIAS

Category E Speed 166 and Above

Front 112

REIL

Back 112

Runway End Identifier Lights

Front 113

MALSR

Back 113

Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System With Runway Alignment Indicator Lights

Front 114

Flight Categories

Back 114

VFR: Ceiling greater than 3000 feet and visibility greater than 5 miles (includes sky clear)

Marginal VFR (MVFR): Ceilings 1,000 to 3,000 feet and/or visibility is 3-5 miles inclusive

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): Ceilings 500 to less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility 1 to less than 3 miles

Low Instrument Flight Rules (LIFR): Ceilings are less than 500 feet and/or visibility is less than 1 mile