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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IFR
IMC VFR VMC |
Instrument Flight Rules
Instrument Meteorological Conditions Visual Flight Rules Visual Meteorological Conditions |
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Requirements for an IFR Rating
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Must have PP Cert and valid Med Cert along w/ speak/read/write English
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PCATD
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Personal Computer-based aviation training device--Can be counted towards instrument rating requirements w/ an authorized instructor present (max 10Hrs)
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IFR Currency requirements
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0-6 Mos (6 approaches along w/ nav and holding procedures)
6-12 6 approaches w/ a safety pilot 12+ need proficiency check |
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High performance airplanes
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200+ Horsepower
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ADM
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Aeronautical decision making- systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to certain circumstances
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CRM
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Crew Resource management-effective use of all available resources; human; hardware; and informational.
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SRM
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Single pilot resource management-managing all resources on their own
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TRACK (SRM)
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T-ake command; R-ecognize Resources; A-void work overload; C-ommunicate effectively; K-now your situation
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DECIDE
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Detect; Estimate; Choose; Identify; Do; Evaluate
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Hazardous Attitudes
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Anti-Authority; Impulsive; Macho; Resignation; Invulnerability
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Systems affecting disorientation
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Kinesthetic sense and vestibular system
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How to overcome spatial disorientation
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rely on and interpret instruments
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Spatial Disorientation
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conflict between the signals relayed by vision (central) and peripheral vision
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Vestibular disorientation
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Misleading signals sent to the brain due to different forces on the body due to flight
-More susceptible if you use body signals to interpret flight status |
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Motion sickness sxs
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Nausea, sweating, dizziness, and vomiting (can be caused by vestibular system)
-Focus on instrument panel to overcome |
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Hypoxia and sxs
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body tissue is deprived of oxygen; euphoria is a sx, headache, increased response time, impaired judgement, drowsiness, dizziness, tingling fingers and toes, numbness, blue fingernails and lips, and limp muscles
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4 forms of hypoxia
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Hypoxic Hypoxia-not enough O2 to make it to system
Hypemic Hypoxia-blood unable to deliver 02 (CO possible) Stagnant Hypoxia- Inadequate circulation Histotoxic Hypoxia-Indability of cells to use O2 |
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Decompression Sickness
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rapid reduction in the ambient pressure surrounding the body. Can be due to scuba diving- recommended time to wait is 12 hours after a dive (non-controlled ascent) and 24 hrs for a controlled ascent; Any flight above 8000MSL requires a 24 hr waiting period
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Hyperventilation
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Disorder that develops when too much CO2 has been eliminated from the body; usually caused by rapid or too deep of breaths- Slow breathing rate to overcome
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IMSAFE
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Illness; medication; stress; alcohol; fatigue; eating
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Vso
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Stall speed in landing config: 40kts
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Vs
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Stall speed; 48kts
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Vx
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62 kts best angle
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Vy
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74 best rate of climb
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Va Min
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Maneuvering speed at min weight 90 kts
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Va Max
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105 kts
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Vno
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129 kts Max structural cruising speed
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Vfe 10
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max flaps extended speed 110
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Vfe 10-30
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85 kts
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Vne
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Never exceed 163 kts
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Max x wind
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15 kts
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Best glide
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68 kts
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Final approach
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70 kts
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Fuel capacity
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56 gallons (28/side)
53 usable gallons (26.5/side) |
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Oil capacity
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8 qts
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Green arc
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Normal operating range: 48-129 kts
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White arc
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Full flap operating range 40-85
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Yellow arc
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129-163 Caution, smooth air only
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Red line
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Max speed all operations
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Gyroscopic instruments
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Attitude indicator; heading indicator; turn coordinator
Vacuum system powers heading and attitude and electrical sys powers turn coordinator |
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Mag compass errors
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Variation-Angular diff between true and mag north
Deviation-mag interference due to a/c components Mag dip-pulls toward the earth (mag north) |
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Pitot Static System
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ASI-
CSI- ALT- All rely on air pressure differences from the pitot static system Pitot tube only connected to ASI where static is connected to all three |
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Instrument scan errors
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Fixation
Omission Emphasis |
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Attitude flying factors
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Cross-check
Interpretation Control |
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UNOS
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Undershoot north/Overshoot south
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TOMATO FLAMES
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Tach, Oil pressure, Manifold pressure, altimeter, temp gauge, oil temp gauge; Fuel level indicators, landing gear position indicators, ASI mag compass, elt, seat belts,
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FLAPS
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Fuses, landing light, anti collision lights, position indicator, source of power
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GRAB CARD-d
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Generator/alternator, Radio, altimeter, ball, clock, attitude indicator, rate of turn indicator, directional gyro, DME above FL 240
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ANDS
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Accelerate north, decelerate south
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Lost procedures
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Climb, call, confess, comply, conserve
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5 T's of holding
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Turn, time, twist, throttle, talk
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91.103 NWKRAFT
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NWKRAFT
Notams, weather, known delays, runway lengths, alternates, fuel req, t/o dista/landing dist |
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Missed approach
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Cram, climb, clean, cool, call
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91.215
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Mode C rules
-30nm of Class B -All class A, B, C |
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TCRAFT
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Taxi
Route of flight, Altitutde, frequency for departure, xponder code |
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91.185
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Lost comms;
M-in en-route alt E-xpected alt A-ssigned alt Route A-ssigned V-ectored E-xpected F-iled |
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IFR Altitudes
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0-179 even thousands
180-359 odd thousands |
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Xponder Codes
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7500-Hijack
1200-VFR 7600-Lost comms 7700-emergency 7777-military ops |
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NTSB Part 830
FAR Part 61 FAR Part 91 FAR Part 1 |
Reporting requirements for accidents
Certificate requirements Flight requirements Definitions |
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AVIATE
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Annual Inspection-12 mos
VOR Inspection-30 days 100 hour inspection-for hire Altimeter/Pitot Static (24 mos) Transponder (24 mos) ELT (12 mos 1/2 batt life or 1hr of cont use) |
