Ib Psychology Chapter 2.1 Important Notes

Front 1

What are the principles that defines BLoA

Back 1

-It is genetically based
-Animal research provides insight to human behavior
-Biology correlates behavior

Front 2

What are the messenger chemicals used by neurons to communicate?

Back 2

Neurotransmitters

Front 3

What are the messenger chemicals used to signal cells throughout the body?

Back 3

Hormones

Front 4

What are the gaps of one neuron to another neuron?

Back 4

Synapse

Front 5

What is acetylcholine?

Back 5

Neurotransmitter that regulates muscle contraction and memory

Front 6

What is dopamine?

Back 6

Neurotransmitter that regulates voluntary movement, learning, and pleasure

Front 7

What is Neropinephrine?

Back 7

Neurotransmitter that regulates arousal, alertness, and sympathetic NS

Front 8

What is Serotonin?

Back 8

Neurotransmitter that regulates sleep, arousal, and emotion

Front 9

What is Kasamatsu and Hirai's experiment

Back 9

Study of how sensory deprivation affects the brain. They studied Buddhist monks who meditates for 72 hours without food and drink. The serotonin levels in the monks elevates. Serotonin activates the hypothalamus and frontal cortex, producing hallucination.

Front 10

What is Martinez and Kesner's experiment

Back 10

Study of how acetylcholine affects memory. One group of rats were injected with scopolamine (blocks acetylcholine), another with physostigmine (blocks cleanup of acetylcholine), another with nothing. First group is having memory difficulties, while the second group is the fastest. It is questionable how this research can be generalized into humans

Front 11

What case study did Dr. John Harlow does?

Back 11

The case study of Phineas Gage, where his brain got pierced by a flying steel tube. Harlow removes a part of his brain, in which his intellectual ability and emotional control is destroyed

Front 12

How did the Broca area got discovered?

Back 12

He observed his patients and formulated the Broca area, which regulates the ability to make grammatically complex sentences

Front 13

How did the Wernicke area got discovered?

Back 13

Carl Wernicke observed his patients and formulated the Wernicke area, which regulates the ability to understand speech

Front 14

What does brain localization mean?

Back 14

It means that behavior and cognitive processes are divided localized into parts of the brain, not as a whole

Front 15

What was Hetherington and Ranson's experiment?

Back 15

They lesioned a part called as the ventromedial hypothalamus on rats, which regulates hunger. The rats then become obese

Front 16

What is EEG?

Back 16

Electroencephalogram, which reads the brainwaves of a brain. Only gives the data as brainwaves, which provides limited information

Front 17

What is PET?

Back 17

Positron emission topography, where the patient is injected with radioactive glucose. The scanner then reads the radioactive emission (areas that are active uses more energy in form of glucose)

Front 18

What is fMRI?

Back 18

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides 3D view of the brain, which has a higher resolution and shows actual brain activity

Front 19

What is Brain Plasticity

Back 19

The brain's ability to rearrange or make new connections between neurons as a result of learning or experience

Front 20

What is Dendritic Branching?

Back 20

Is where our neurons form a new connection to another neuron, typically done when we learn something new. This connection strengthens as we recite it again and again

Front 21

What is Rosenzweig and Bennett's experiment?

Back 21

They placed a group of rat in a toy rich environment, while the other group of rats were placed in a toy deprived environment. The first group of rats have a higher brain mass

Front 22

What is Richard Davidson's experiment?

Back 22

He compared trained monks and beginners in meditation. He found that by meditating, it induces the production of gamma waves. The beginners stopped producing the waves when they stop meditating, while the monks did not

Front 23

What are Mirror Neurons?

Back 23

Are neurons that fire when they performs an action or when they observe someone performs an action

Front 24

What was Gallese et al.'s experiment?

Back 24

They isolated a neural response when a monkey reaches for a peanut. The same response was seem when the monkeys observe the researcher reaches for a peanut

Front 25

Examples of Mirror Neurons in the real life?

Back 25

Movie, theaters, sports, etc.

Mirror neurons explains why we feel empathy for others.

Front 26

What is Adrenaline?

Back 26

Hormone that regulates the flight or fight response and arousal. Produced in the adrenal gland

Front 27

What is Cortisol?

Back 27

Hormone that regulates arousal, stress, and memory. Produced in the adrenal gland

Front 28

What is Melatonin?

Back 28

Hormone that regulates sleep. Produced in the pineal gland and is stimulated by darkness, but inhibited by light.

Front 29

What is Oxytocin?

Back 29

Hormone that regulates attachment, particularly in love. Produced in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Front 30

What is Testosterone and Estrogen?

Back 30

Sex hormones specific to a gender that regulates development and emotion of a gender. Produced in the gonads

Front 31

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Back 31

Rosenthal proposed this. SAD is when there's too much melatonin, inducing sleepiness. SAD disrupts the circadian cycle and induces depression. Light therapy has been used as treatment.