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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is included in extracellular fluid?
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Blood plasma, Interstitial fluid, Other (cerebrospinal fluid, lymph, digestive secretions, etc.)
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What are non-electrolytes? What fraction are they of total solutes?
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Non-electrolytes are solutes with no electrical charge. Small fraction of total solutes
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What are some examples of non-electrolytes?
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glucose, lipids, most amino acids
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What are electrolytes? What fraction are they of total solutes?
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Electrolytes are solutes with an electrical charge. Main solutes in body fluids.
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What are some examples of non-electrolytes?
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salts, ions, proteins,
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Which body fluids have similar composition and why?
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Blood plasma and interstitial fluid. Because both are in the ECF
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What is the main cation of ECF?
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Na+
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What is the main anion of ECF?
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Cl-
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Blood plasma and IF differ the most with regard to which electrolyte?
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Protein Anions
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What is the main cation of the intracellular fluid?
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K+
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What are the two main anions in the intracellular fluid?
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HPO4- and Protein Anions
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Of Blood plasma and IF, which has the most protein?
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Blood plasma
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What is the normal osmolarity of blood plasma?
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300 mOsm
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What is the normal osmolarity of IF?
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300 mOsm
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What is the normal osmolarity of intracellular fluid?
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300 mOsm
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What will happen if a RBC is placed in a solution of 200 mOsm NaCl?
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Water will move into the cell and the cell will swell.
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What is dehydration?
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Dehydration is when water output exceeds input and body is in negative fluid balance
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What are some causes of dehydration?
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hemorrhage, severe burs, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, profuse sweating, water deprivation
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What is "excessive solutes"?
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Excess solutes is when there is too high a concentration of solutes.
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What is excess water intake? What does it cause?
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Excess water means overhydrated. This causes an increase in net osmosis causing cells to swell and possible lyse.
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What is edema?
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Edema is the atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space leading to tissue swelling (cells do not)
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What causes edema?
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Loss of proteins from blood plasma, if capillaries become leaky and fluid leaves and is retained in interstitial space
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If you're dyhydrated, what is your cell's tonicity and what happens to them?
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Cells are hypertonic and they will shrink.
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If you have excess solute, what is your cell's tonicity and what happens to them?
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Cells are hypertonic and they will shrink
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If you have excess water, what is your cell's tonicity and what happens to them?
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Cells are hypotonic and they will swell.
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What is hypotonic hydration? What causes it?
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Hypotonic hydration means over-hydration due to renal insufficiency and rapid excess water ingestion (water intoxication).
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What happens when hypotonic hydration occurs?
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ECF becomes diluted which leads to low blood N+ concentrations (hyponatremia). Water enters the cells causing swelling.
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What can hypotonic hydration result in?
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Severe metabolic disturbances like nausea, vomiting, muscular cramping, cerebral edema and death.
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What does edema cause?
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Due to to increased fluid flow out of the plasma or decreased fluid return to the blood, edema can cause increase in blood pressure and congestive heart failure
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What is the osmotic consequence of the hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus?
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Glucose in the urine acts as an osmotic diuretic and prevents water that has been filtered by the kidneys from being reabsorbed back into the blood.
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