History 1301 Unit 2 - Chapter 8

Front 1

Tecumseh

Back 1

A Shawnee leader from the Ohio Territory, he encouraged confrontation over accommodation and led a tribal confederacy that fought at Tippecanoe and allied with the British in the Siege of Detroit and the Battle of Thames, where he was killed in 1813.

Front 2

Meriwether Lewis

Back 2

President Jefferson's private secretary, he led a delegation to explore, map and document the newly purchased Louisiana Territory (1804-06). He was rewarded by being named the governor of the territory, but died under mysterious circumstances on the Natchez Trace in 1809.

Front 3

William Clark

Back 3

As co-leader of the exploration of the Louisiana Territory (1804-06), he focused on mapping the territory and management of supplies.

Front 4

Sacagawea

Back 4

This young Shoshone woman and her French husband joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition near its beginning and she served as a valued interpreter for the explorers.

Front 5

Samuel Chase

Back 5

A signer of the Declaration of Independence, he was a staunch federalist as Supreme Court justice, leading to his unsuccessful impeachment by the Jefferson administration, an important victory for an independent judiciary.

Front 6

John Marshall

Back 6

As chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835, his rulings shaped U.S. constitutional law and American capitalism.

Front 7

Aaron Burr

Back 7

As vice president, he ran for governor of New York in 1804 and killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel for public comments made about him. He then fled west and became involved in a scheme that included war with Spain and secession, but was acquited of treason.

Front 8

Oliver Hazard Perry

Back 8

This naval commander won a decisive battle over the British at Put-in-Bay (1813) that gave the United States control of the Great Lakes in the War of 1812.

Front 9

Andrew Jackson

Back 9

The hero of the Battle of New Orleans, this volatile friend of the common man redefined American democracy during two terms as the seventh president.

Front 10

Louisiana Purchase

Back 10

U.S. acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi River and doubled the size of the nation.

Front 11

Lewis and Calrk Expedition

Back 11

Overland expedition to the Pacific coast (1804 - 1806) led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson, it collected scientific data about the country and its resources.

Front 12

Marbury v. Madison

Back 12

In this 1803 landmark decision, the Supreme Court first asserted the power of judicial review by declaring an act of Congress unconstitutional.

Front 13

Judicial Review

Back 13

The authority of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of the statutes.

Front 14

Embargo Act

Back 14

In response to a British attack on an American warship off the coast of Virginia, this 1807 law prohibited foreign commerce.

Front 15

War Hawks

Back 15

Congressional leaders who, in 1811 and 1812, called for war against Britain.

Front 16

War of 1812

Back 16

The war between Britain and the United States. U.S. justifications for war included British violations of American maritime rights, impressment of seamen, provocation of the Indians, and defense of national honor.

Front 17

Battle of New Orleans

Back 17

The battle that occurred in 1815 at the end of the War of 1812 when U.S. forces defeated a British attempt to seize New Orleans.

Front 18

Hartford Convention

Back 18

An assembly of New England Federalists who met in Hartford, Connecticut, in December 1814 to protest President James Madison's foreign policy in the War of 1812, which had undermined commercial interests in the North. They proposed amending the Constitution to prevent future presidents from declaring war without a two-thirds majority in Congress.

Front 19

Blacks

Back 19

By 1810, one-fifth of the American population was made up of ...?

Front 20

Many Americans believed opportunities were available to them.

Back 20

Why are American's so optimistic under Jeffersonian Republicanism?

Front 21

People moved to create opportunities with farms on the rich soil.

Back 21

Why did people move to the West in the early 1800s?

Front 22

To serve as depots for international trade.

Back 22

What was the main function of American cities during the Jeffersonian era?

Front 23

Spain closed the port of New Orleans to American commerce.

Back 23

Why did Thomas Jefferson decide to make the Louisiana Purchase?

Front 24

It was a success in that he reduced taxes, maintained peace, and expanded the United States.

Back 24

How can Jefferson's first term best be characterized?

Front 25

He wanted the slave trade outlawed, yet he owned slaves.

Back 25

What characterizes Jefferson's stance on slavery?

Front 26

They both forbade commerce in Europe but were ineffective "paper blockades."

Back 26

How were the Orders in Council and Berlin/Milan Decrees similar?

Front 27

It caused economic mayhem in the US and did little to affect France and England?

Back 27

How was the US Embargo Act of 1807 ineffective?

Front 28

He hoped to gain control of Canada to show Great Britain that the US was a powerful country worthy of respect.

Back 28

How did James Madison hope to defeat Great Britain in the War of 1812?

Front 29

The US believed it could win with a decentralized government and little money or military power against the most powerful nation in the world.

Back 29

In what ways was the War of 1812 strange?

Front 30

Samuel Slater

Back 30

The contribution of ___ let to the birth of the factory system in the United States.

Front 31

The Hartford Federalists sent their resolution to Washington just after the victorious Battle of New Orleans, making them look unpatriotic and selfish.

Back 31

How did the Hartford Convention lead to the downfall of the Federalists?

Front 32

James Monroe

Back 32

As the chief negotiator with France, ___ engineered the Louisiana Purchase.

Front 33

traveled up the Missouri River to the Pacific Northwest.

Back 33

The Lewis and Clark expedition ...?

Front 34

The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of the actions of the other two branches.

Back 34

Chief Justice John Marshall believed in judicial review, which was ...?

Front 35

Economic pressure is used as a diplomatic weapon.

Back 35

According to the policy of peaceable coercion, ...?

Front 36

Napoleon promised to rescind the Berlin and Milan decrees.

Back 36

The effect of Macon's Bill No. Two was that ...?

Front 37

British forces were routed(decimated) by Andrew Jackson and his troops.

Back 37

At the Battle of New Orleans, ...?

Front 38

Did little more than end hostilities and postpone issues for future negotiations.

Back 38

The Treaty of Ghent ...?

Front 39

The constitutionality of his actions.

Back 39

What difficulty did Jefferson face in purchasing the Louisiana Territory?

Front 40

People wanted to defend their shared economic interests, it was difficult to travel far, and there were distinct regional subcultures.

Back 40

Why were regional identities formed in the US in the early 19th century?

Front 41

It fulfilled Jefferson's scientific expectations and reaffirmed his faith in the future prosperity of the United States.

Back 41

In what ways were the Lewis and Clark expedition a success?

Front 42

Conquering Canada from the British.

Back 42

The Congressional War Hawks in 1812 were most interested in ...?