History 1301 Unit 3 - Chapter 12

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Lyman Beecher

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Presbyterian minister whose evangelical Calvinism led him to advocate temperance and abolitionism. Several of his 13 children became leading reformers as well.

Front 2

Charles G. Finney

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Preacher who led highly successful revivals in upstate New York, repudiating Calvinist pre-destination for free will and potential freedom from sin.

Front 3

Horace Mann

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Formed Massachusetts' public school system that emphasized moral and civic instruction and became a model for other states.

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William Holmes McGuffey

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Author of a series of readers, beginning in 1836, that modernized instruction while teaching the Protestant ethic.

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Dorothea Dix

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Reformer whose efforts in publicizing the inhumane treatment of the mentally ill led to the building of more than 30 hospitals.

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Theodore Dwight Weld

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Leader of "Lane's Rebels," he used revivalist techniques as one of the most outspoken abolitionists of the 1830s and 40s.

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Fredrick Douglass

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Slave who escaped to freedom in 1838 and became one of the most effective voices for abolition and equal rights.

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Elijah Lovejoy

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Antislavery editor who was martyred when he was shot and killed by a mob in Alton, Ill., in 1837

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

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Immensely popular essayist and lecturer who became leader of transcendentalism.

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Henry David Thoreau

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A transcendentalist whose reflections on nature and solitude became the classic "Walden" (1854). His "On Civil Disobedience" (1849) remains influential.

Front 11

Nathaniel Hawthorne

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Author of Puritan stock whose dark tales of mankind's frailty included "The Scarlet Letter" (1850) and "The House of the Seven Gables" (1851).

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Second Great Awakening

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Evangelical Protestant revivals that swept over America in the early 19th century.

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Temperance Movement

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Temperance - moderation or abstention the consumption of alcoholic beverages - attracted many advocates in the early 19th century.

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Benevolent Empire

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Collection of missionary and reform societies that sought to stamp out social evils in American society in the early 1820s and 1830s.

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Cult of Domesticity

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Term used to characterize the dominant gender role for white women in the antebellum period. It stressed the virtue of women as guardians of the home, which was considered their proper sphere.

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Perfectionism

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The doctrine that a state of freedom from sin is attainable on earth.

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Abolitionist Movement

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Reform movement dedicated to the immediate and unconditional end of slavery in the United States.

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Seneca Falls Convention

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In 1848 gathering of women's rights advocates that culminated in the adoption of a Declaration of Sentiments demanding voting and property rights for women.

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Revivalism

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What method did American Protestant denominations in the early 19th century use to extend religious values and increase church membership?

Front 20

Free blacks in the North.

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Who were the main "conductors" on the Underground Railroad?

Front 21

The first national gathering of feminists

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What significant event occurred in 1848 at Seneca Falls, New York?

Front 22

A group of Christian churches that focused on helping the poor.

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To what did the term "benevolent empire" refer?

Front 23

A growing division of labor between men and women.

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The sociological reality behind the Cult of Domesticity was ...?

Front 24

Women were best suited to instill virtues in young male children.

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Why did Catherine Beecher argue that women should be schoolteachers?

Front 25

Children increasingly became viewed as individuals.

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What was one of the results from changes in the middle-class family in the 19th century?

Front 26

They were worried that poor and immigrant families would not properly nurture their children.

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Why did educational reformers want local schools to serve sometimes as a substitute for the family?

Front 27

It was opposed by African Americans in the North.

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Which statement below is true of the American Colonization Society?

Front 28

They resisted abolitionism because they did not want to compete socially and economically with African Americans.

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How did working-class urban whites generally feel about the abolitionist movement?

Front 29

Women's Rights.

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Abolitionism served as a catalyst for the ... movement.

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Unitarians

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Which religiously liberal group of the early nineteenth century denied the doctrine of the Trinity?

Front 31

Parents had a new concern for children, and families became child-centered.

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Why has the 19th century been identified as "the century of the child"?

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Perfectionism

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The idea that people could conduct their lives completely free of sin is called ...?

Front 33

Keeping house and raising a family.

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What was considered the "proper" sphere for middle-class white women in the 19th century?

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Shame

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19th Century parents began using ... instead of corporal punishment to enforce good behavior among their children.

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Horace Mann

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Which of the following men was the most influential spokesman for the common school movement?

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Abraham Lincoln

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Which American president received less than two years of formal education, but sharpened his intellect through participation in debating societies and lyceums?

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Theodore Weld

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Whose career demonstrated the tie between revivalism and abolitionism?

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Women's Rights

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William Lloyd Garrison's stand on ... led to an open break in the national convention of the American Anti-slavery Society in 1840.

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The Protestant Ethic

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In addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic, mid-nineteenth-century public schools taught ...?