History 1301 Unit 2 - Chapter 6

Front 1

Richard Allen

Back 1

This former slave founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (1814), an institution of great cultural and religious significance for the 19th-century blacks.

Front 2

Benjamin Banneker

Back 2

Largely self-taught this free African-American achieved notoriety for his work in mathematics and astronomy.

Front 3

Phillis Wheatley

Back 3

Known as Boston's "African Muse," this poet wrote Poems on Various Subjects, "Religious and Moral" (1773), which gained her an international reputation.

Front 4

John Dickinson

Back 4

A wealthy Philadelphian, he wrote the widely read "letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" (1767-8) in protest of the Townshend Acts. He also headed the committee to create the Articles of Confederation but his initial proposal, which included a strong federal government, was rejected.

Front 5

Rober Morris

Back 5

A Philadelphia merchant, as superintendent of finance under the Article of Confederation, he was the "financer of the revolution."

Front 6

James Madison

Back 6

A Virginia political philosopher, he was the main author under the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights and was the fourth president of the United States.

Front 7

Alexander Hamilton

Back 7

Born into poverty in the West Indies, he became the leading advocate for a strong national government as main author of "The Federalist Papers," founder of the Federalist Party and the first secretary of the treasury.

Front 8

Daniel Shays

Back 8

This Revolutionary War veteran led an armed insurrection among farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786 that gave momentum to calls for a stronger federal government.

Front 9

George Mason

Back 9

This Virginia patriot was a leader among those who pushed for a Bill of Rights to be added to the U.S. Constitution.

Front 10

Republicanism

Back 10

The concept that ultimate political authority is vested in the citizens of the nation.

Front 11

African Methodist Episcopal Church

Back 11

Richard Allen founded the this Church in 1816 as the first independent black-run Protestant church in the United States. The church was active in the abolition movement and founded educational institutions for free blacks.

Front 12

Natural Rights

Back 12

Fundamental rights over which the government should exercise no control.

Front 13

Article of Confederation

Back 13

Ratified in 1781, this document was the United States' first constitution, providing a framework for national government. The articles limited central authority by denying the national government any taxation or coercive power.

Front 14

Northwest Ordinance

Back 14

Legislation in 1787 that established governments in America's northwest territories, defined a procedure for their admission to the Union as states, and prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River.

Front 15

Shays' Rebellion

Back 15

Armed insurrection of farmers in western Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays. Intended to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors unable to pay their taxes, the rebellion was put down by the state militia. Nationalists used the event to call a constitutional convention to strengthen the national government.

Front 16

Virginia Plan

Back 16

Offered by James Madison and the Virginia delegation at the Constitutional Convention, this proposal called for a strong executive office and two houses of Congress, each with representation proportional to a state's population.

Front 17

Three-Fifths Rule

Back 17

A constitutional provision that for every five slaves, a state would receive credit for three free voters in determining seats for the House of Representatives.

Front 18

Federalist

Back 18

A supporter of the Constitution who advocated its ratification.

Front 19

Antifederalists

Back 19

Critics of the Constitution who were concerned that it included no specific provisions to protect natural and civil rights.

Front 20

Bill of Rights

Back 20

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, adopted in 1791to preserve the rights and liberties of individuals.

Front 21

The people

Back 21

As understood in the late 1700s, a republic was a system in which ultimate political authority is vested in ...?

Front 22

Demanded written documents.

Back 22

An important fact about the Americans who wrote the first state constitutions was that they ...?

Front 23

After British tyranny, Americans valued liberty but also valued an ordered society.

Back 23

In the 1780s, why did Americans disagree sharply over the relative importance of liberty and order?

Front 24

Initially, the war had little effect on slavery at all.

Back 24

What was the effect of the American Revolution on slavery?

Front 25

The ideas caused them to be more assertive about their roles in the family.

Back 25

How were women affected by the political ideas of the American Revolution?

Front 26

To remind future rules of the exact limits of their authority.

Back 26

What did most first state constitutions include a bill of rights?

Front 27

Some states claimed the land that Britain had given to Native Americans; other states had no claim on the land.

Back 27

Why did disagreements over western lands delay the ratification of the Articles of Confederation?

Front 28

He helped Americans think of republican government in radical new ways.

Back 28

Why was James Madison described as a political genius?

Front 29

To avoid errenous and mischievous rumors.

Back 29

Why did the delegates at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention vow to secrecy during the proceedings?

Front 30

It threatened to disrupt and destroy the work of the convention.

Back 30

How did the question of slavery impact the Constitutional Convention?

Front 31

So the president would not be indebted to the Congress for his office.

Back 31

Why did the new Constitution of 1787 call for the election of a president by an electoral college?

Front 32

It was there to avoid mention of the states because of uncertainty about how many and which states would ratify the document.

Back 32

Why was the phrase "We the people of the United States" in the new Constitution?

Front 33

Western migration.

Back 33

(Blank) caused the most important changes in the voting patterns in the immediate post-war years.

Front 34

The modern one allows for freedom despite ethnicity, race, gender, or sexual orientation - provisions that were not made in 1789.

Back 34

How does the modern Bill of Rights compare to that of 1789?

Front 35

A strong central government

Back 35

John Dickinson's 1776 plan for a new united States government revolved around the concept of ...?

Front 36

Land Ordinance of 1785

Back 36

Under the terms of ..., an orderly process for laying out lands and town in the western territory was established.

Front 37

The nationalists' recommendation to Congress for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation.

Back 37

The most important result of the Annapolis meeting of 1786 was ...?

Front 38

The decision to keep deliberations as secret as possible.

Back 38

An important procedural decision approved at the opening of the Constitutional Convention involved ...?

Front 39

An electoral college

Back 39

The proposed new Constitution of 1787 called for the election of a president by ...?

Front 40

James Madison

Back 40

The author of the original proposal for the Bill of Rights was ...?

Front 41

The disposition of Western lands

Back 41

The controversy which delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederation involved ...?

Front 42

Discontented farmers in Massachusetts.

Back 42

Shay's Rebellion involved ...?

Front 43

Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

Back 43

The Federalist was a series of essays written by ...?

Front 44

It permitted Congress to outlaw the importation of slaves in 1808.

Back 44

How did the Convention affect slavery?