Hema Lec Specimen Collection

Front 1

This refers to daily body fluid fluctuations that occur with some constituents of the blood

Back 1

Diurnal rhythm

Front 2

This means no food or beverages except water for 8-12 hours before a blood draw

Back 2

Fasting

Front 3

This is used to provide a barrier against venous blood flow to help locate a vein.

Back 3

Tourniquet

Front 4

How many inches above the venipuncture site must the tourniquet be put on?

Back 4

3-4 inches

Front 5

Tourniquet must be left on for no longer than how many minute/s before the venipuncture is performed?

Back 5

1 minute

Front 6

Most glass evacuated tubes are coated with this to help decrease the possibility of hemolysis and to prevent blood from adhering to the sides of the tube

Back 6

Silicone

Front 7

How many minutes must blood specimens for serum testing be allowed to clot prior to centrifugation and serum removal?

Back 7

30-60 mins

Front 8

This additive accelerates the clotting process and decreases the specimen preparation time.

Back 8

Clot activator

Front 9

These clot activators activate factor XII in the coagulation pathway

Back 9

Glass or silica particles

Front 10

This clot activator is an activated coagulation factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Back 10

Thrombin

Front 11

This kind of additive prevents blood from clotting

Back 11

Anticoagulant

Front 12

These anticoagulants remove Calcium needed for clotting by forming insoluble calcium salts

Back 12

EDTA, citrate, oxalate

Front 13

This prevents clotting by binding to antithrombin in the plasma and inhibiting thrombin and activated coagulation factor X

Back 13

Heparin

Front 14

Tubes with this kind of additive are either tested as whole blood or are centrifuged to yield plasma

Back 14

Anticoagulant

Front 15

When must tubes with anticoagulant be gently inverted after collection to ensure proper mixing?

Back 15

Immediately

Front 16

This kind of additive inhibits the metabolism of glucose by blood cells

Back 16

Antiglycolytic agent

Front 17

The most commonly used antiglycolytic agent is

Back 17

Sodium fluoride

Front 18

Tubes containing NaF + anticoagulant yield what?

Back 18

Plasma

Front 19

Tubes containing only NaF yield what?

Back 19

Serum

Front 20

This is an inert material that undergoes a temporary change in viscosity during the centrifugation process, serving as a separation barrier between the liquid and cells

Back 20

Separator Gel

Front 21

The point of the end of the needle with a slanted side

Back 21

Bevel

Front 22

A needle's property which is inversely related to bore size (smaller ___, larger bore)

Back 22

Gauge

Front 23

Most common needle size for adult venipuncture

Back 23

21 gauge

Front 24

This consists of a short needle with plastic wings connected to thin tubing, useful in collecting specimens from children or other patients fron whom it is difficult to draw blood

Back 24

Butterfly

Front 25

This consists of a barrel, graduated in mL, and a plunger

Back 25

Syringe

Front 26

This may be useful in drawing blood from pediatric, geriatric, or other patients with tiny, fragile, or "rolling" veins that would not be able to withstand the vacuum pressure from evacuated tubes

Back 26

Syringe

Front 27

This color of cover and cover with stopper in evacuated tubes has clot activator and gel for serum preparation

Back 27

Gold; Red-gray

Front 28

This color of cover and stopper in evacuated tubes is silicone coated with clot activator if the tube is plastic

Back 28

Red

Front 29

This color of cover and cover/stopper contains Lithium heparin and gel for plasma separation

Back 29

Light green; green-gray

Front 30

These colors of covers and cover/stopper are for serum determinations

Back 30

Gold, Red, Red-gray

Front 31

This color of cover in evacuated tubes has thrombin-based clot activator with/out gel for serum separation

Back 31

Orange

Front 32

This color of cover in evacuated tubes are for stat serum determinations

Back 32

Orange

Front 33

This color of cover in evacuated tubes has clot activator or K2EDTA and is used for trace-element, toxicology, and nutritional chemistry determinations

Back 33

Royal blue

Front 34

This color of cover and cover/stopper contains sodium or lithium heparin

Back 34

Green

Front 35

These colors of covers and covers/stoppers are for plasma determinations in chemistry

Back 35

Green; Light green; Green-gray

Front 36

This color of cover and cover/stopper in evacuated tubes mainly has NaF and can be together with Na2EDTA or potassium oxalate

Back 36

Gray

Front 37

This color of cover and cover/stopper in evacuated tubes is used for glucose determinations

Back 37

Gray

Front 38

This color of cover in evacuated plastic tubes has K2EDTA and is used for lead determinations

Back 38

Tan

Front 39

This color of cover/stopper in evacuated tubes can contain either ACD for blood bank studies or SPS for blood culture

Back 39

Yellow

Front 40

SPS means

Back 40

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate

Front 41

This additive is used for blood culture specimen collections in microbiology

Back 41

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate

Front 42

This additive is used in blood bank studies, HLA phenotyping, & DNA and paternity testing

Back 42

Acid citrate dextrose

Front 43

These colors of covers and covers/stoppers have K3EDTA (in glass tube) or are spray coated with K2EDTA

Back 43

Lavender; pink

Front 44

These colors of covers and covers/stoppers are for whole blood hematology determinations

Back 44

Lavender; pink

Front 45

This color of cover in evacuated tubes has K2EDTA & gel for plasma separation, for use in molecular diagnostic test methods

Back 45

White

Front 46

This color of cover and cover/stopper in evacuated tubes has buffered Na Citrate or CTAD for coagulation determinations

Back 46

Light blue

Front 47

CTAD means ___ and is for selected platelet function assays and routine coagulation determination

Back 47

Citrate, theophylline, adenosine, dipyridamole

Front 48

This color of cover and cover/stopper has no additive and is for use as a discard tube or secondary specimen tube

Back 48

Clear; red-light gray

Front 49

The most common skin antiseptic is

Back 49

70% isopropyl alcohol

Front 50

Antiseptic used for legal blood alcohol level

Back 50

Benzalkonium chloride

Front 51

Two anatomical patterns of veins in the amtecubital fossa

Back 51

M; H

Front 52

Order of preference of veins in venipuncture (most preferred first, least last)

Back 52

Median, Cephalic, Basilic

Front 53

This vein is the last choice in venipuncture because of the increased risk of injury to the median nerve &/ accidental puncture of the brachial artery

Back 53

Basilic vein

Front 54

This vein is located on the lateral aspect of the antecubital fossa, on the thumb side of the hand

Back 54

Cephalic vein

Front 55

This vein is located on the medial aspect of the antecubital fossa

Back 55

Basilic vein

Front 56

How does one apply antiseptic to the venipuncture site

Back 56

Circular motion going outwards

Front 57

Order of draw of tubes in venipuncture

Back 57

Blood culture, Coagulation, Serum, Heparin, EDTA, Sodium fluoride (NaF)

Hint 57

BCSHES

Front 58

How should the time of collection be written on the tube

Back 58

Military time

Front 59

The most crucial step in venipuncture

Back 59

Patient identification

Front 60

Smaller needle gauges used in children

Back 60

22-23 gauge

Front 61

The most common complication encountered in obtaining a blood specimen

Back 61

Bruising

Front 62

Another term for Bruise

Back 62

Ecchymosis

Front 63

This complication is caused by leakage of a small amount of blood in the tissue around the puncture site

Back 63

Bruising

Front 64

What prevents bruising after venipuncture

Back 64

Application of pressure to the venipuncture site

Front 65

This results when leakage of a large amount of blood around the puncture site causes the area to rapidly swell

Back 65

Hematoma

Front 66

How many minutes must pressure be applied on venipuncture site when it starts to swell?

Back 66

2 mins

Front 67

This most commonly occur when the needle goes through the vein or when the bevel is only partially in the vein

Back 67

Hematoma

Front 68

One must remove this first before removing the needle

Back 68

Tourniquet

Front 69

Syncope means

Back 69

Fainting

Front 70

This is an increased concentration of cells, larger molecules, & analytes in the blood as a result of a shift in water balance

Back 70

Hemoconcentration

Front 71

This is the rupture of RBC with the consequent escape of hemoglobin, causing the serum or plasma to be pinkish or red

Back 71

Hemolysis

Front 72

Small red dots indicating that small amounts of blood have escaped into the skin

Back 72

Petechiae

Front 73

Swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the tissues

Back 73

Edema

Front 74

Removal of the breast

Back 74

Mastectomy

Front 75

The needle should be inserted at an angle of less than how many degrees?

Back 75

30 degrees

Front 76

This is the technique of choice to obtain a blood specimen from newborns and pediatric patients, burned patients, obese, & elderly patients with fragile veins

Back 76

Skin puncture

Front 77

Site of skin puncture for children under 1 year of age

Back 77

Lateral or medial plantar surface of the heel

Front 78

Skin puncture site for children older than 1 year and adults

Back 78

Palmar surface of the distal portion of 3rd/4th finger of nondominant hand

Front 79

Puncture on the finger should be ___ to the fingerprint lines

Back 79

Perpendicular

Front 80

Fingers of infants are not punctured because of a risk of

Back 80

Bone injury

Front 81

What temperature must skin puncture site be warmed and for how long?

Back 81

No greater than 42 degrees celsius for 3-5 mins

Front 82

This antiseptic is not used for skin puncture

Back 82

Povidone-iodine

Front 83

How deep must the skin puncture depth be in infants?

Back 83

No more than 2 mm

Front 84

To prevent specimen contamination with tissue fluid in skin puncture, what is wiped away?

Back 84

First drop of blood

Front 85

Used to collect blood in skin puncture

Back 85

Microcollection tubes

Front 86

Order of draw for skin puncture

Back 86

Blood gas analysis, Slides, EDTA, Anticoagulants, Serum

Hint 86

BSEAS