Grade 8 Science: Unit 2 Cells And Systems Topics 4-5

Front 1

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

Back 1

It is the cell membrane that only allows certain materials to cross it.

Front 2

What is a permeable membrane?

Back 2

A membrane that lets all materials to cross it.

Front 3

What is an impermeable membrane?

Back 3

A membrane that does not allow any materials to cross it.

Front 4

What is diffusion?

Back 4

Diffusion is the movement of particles in liquids and gases from a higher area of concentration to an area of lower concentration (the spreading out process). Like when you cook popcorn and you can smell it all over the house, not just the kitchen.

Front 5

What is osmosis?

Back 5

-Osmosis is the diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to a low concentration.

-70% of a cell's content is water.

-Water particles can easily move into and out of cells by diffusion.

Front 6

What do a plant's tissues do?

Back 6

They transport nutrients throughout the plant.

Front 7

What are vascular tissues?

Back 7

The vascular tissues connect the roots to the leaves.

Front 8

What are the 2 types of vascular tissues?

Back 8

Xylem tissues and Phloem tissues.

Front 9

What do Xylem tissues do?

Back 9

They direct water and minerals that were absorbed by the root cells to every cell in the root cell to every cell in the plant, cells like the ones in the stem and the leaves.

Front 10

What does the Phloem tissue do?

Back 10

The tissue that transports sugars to the rest of the plant.

Front 11

How do roots get water?

Back 11

Roots have tiny hairs at the tips that allow water to enter the plant through osmosis.

Front 12

What is the plant's food producing organs?

Back 12

Leaves.

Front 13

Photosynthesis manufactures sugars from what?

Back 13

Water, carbon dioxide and sunlight.

Front 14

Where does most photosynthesis take place?

Back 14

In the cells in the leaves that contain chloroplasts.

Front 15

What are stomata?

Back 15

Tiny openings in the leaf that allow oxygenated air to enter the leaf

Front 16

What is transpiration?

Back 16

The loss of water from a plant through evaporation.

Front 17

Why do cells have different appearances?

Back 17

They are specialised for particular tasks, like muscle cells are shaped to move parts of your body.

Front 18

What are two disadvantages to being a unicellular organism?

Back 18

They cannot grow very large. They can only live in watery, food rich environments.

Front 19

What are 4 advantages to being a multicellular organism?

Back 19

They live in a wide variety of environments, they grow very large, they obtain energy from a wide variety of foods, and their bodies are more complex because their cells are specialized, therefore they work more efficiently.

Front 20

What do muscle tissues do?

Back 20

The muscle tissues move parts of the body.

Front 21

What do nerve tissues do?

Back 21

Nerve tissues carry signals between the brain and other body parts.

Front 22

What are Epithelial tissues?

Back 22

Skin tissues.

Front 23

What are connective tissues?

Back 23

The connective tissues connect and support different parts of the body.

Front 24

What are epidermal tissues?

Back 24

The epidermal tissues protect the outside of a plant.

Front 25

What three systems all work together to give all your cells a steady supply of food and oxygen to help provide the body with energy?

Back 25

The digestive system, the respiratory system, and the circulatory system.

Front 26

What does the digestive system do?

Back 26

The digestive system is how food enters the body through your mouth then goes to the stomach and the intestines. The food is broken up into small parts along the way. Some food is used by cells, and other are expelled from the body as waste.

Front 27

What are the parts of the digestive system?

Back 27

The mouth, the salivary glands, the esophagus, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the stomach, the liver, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, and the anus.

Front 28

Label the digestive system.

Back 28

Front 29

What is colon cancer?

Back 29

Colon cancer is a long term effect and is cancer in the colon caused by a lack of fibre, making the feces take longer to digest, which irritates the lining of the colon. It can also be caused by having a fast paced life, for example skipping meals, eating food fast or eating fast food. Colon cancer is only curable by surgery.

Front 30

What is ulcer?

Back 30

Ulcer is when the lining of either the stomach or the small intestine is damaged by stomach acid. Contributing factors are long term emotional stress, smoking, drinking alcohol as a long term use, and taking aspirin as a long term use. Ulcer is only curable by heavy dose of antibiotics.

Front 31

What is appendicitis?

Back 31

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix (an offshoot of the large intestine). It contains cells that fight off viruses and bacteria. Appendicitis is caused by a blockage of feces in a low fibre diet causing lack of blood flow. It can rupture and poison the person, and can eventually lead to death if not treated and ruptures in abdomen.

Front 32

What is inhalation?

Back 32

Breathing in oxygen.

Front 33

What is exhalation?

Back 33

Breathing out carbon dioxide.

Front 34

What is the larynx?

Back 34

The voice box.

Front 35

What is the trachea?

Back 35

The windpipe. It connects air from the nose and mouth to the lungs.

Front 36

What are the bronchus?

Back 36

The bronchus is the main branch form the trachea. Each branch flows into the lungs.

Front 37

What are the bronchioles?

Back 37

They are further branching of the bronchi into the lungs.

Front 38

What are the aveoli?

Back 38

The aveoli are at the end of the bronchioles. It is here that the oxygen passes into the blood, through osmosis, through the capillaries, which are small blood vessels.

Front 39

What is the diaphragm?

Back 39

The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that forms the bottom wall of the chest cavity. When it pulls down, it creates a suction-like force that expands your lungs, drawing in air.

Front 40

What is asthma?

Back 40

Asthma is when cells in your air tubes make more mucus than normal. This mucus is very thick and sticky. It tends to clog up the tubes making it hard to breathe.

Front 41

What is bronchitis?

Back 41

Bronchitis is caused by and irritation in the lining of your lungs by continual coughing, excess mucus creation, and cilia destruction.

Front 42

What is lung cancer?

Back 42

Lung cancer is a cancer of the lung, caused by particles in the smoke of cigarettes contacting the lining of the lungs, which make it produce excess cell growth, which will starve out healthy cells.

Front 43

Label the respiratory system.

Back 43

Front 44

What does the circulatory system do?

Back 44

The circulatory system circulates the blood around the body.

Front 45

What function does the heart serve in the circulatory system?

Back 45

The pumping action of the heart circulates the blood throughout the body, transporting oxygen and food (nutrients) to all body cells.

Front 46

What is another function of the blood?

Back 46

Blood carries away wastes produced by cells.

Front 47

What are red blood cells specialised to do?

Back 47

Carry oxygen.

Front 48

What does this system consist of?

Back 48

The heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Front 49

What does high blood pressure do?

Back 49

High blood pressure leads to heart attacks and strokes. Blood pressure indicates the volume of blood, the heart rate, the artery size, the artery elasticity, and the blood viscosity.

Front 50

What are some factors that cause disorders in the circulatory system?

Back 50

Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict, increasing blood pressure and heart rate. A poor diet causes high blood pressure, and a lack of regular exercise is another factor.

Front 51

How can you reduce the risk of a disorder in the circulatory system?

Back 51

You can choose healthy lifestyle habits like not smoking, eating healthy, and by doing regular exercise.

Front 52

What does the excretory system do?

Back 52

It filters waste materials from the blood.

Front 53

What does the excretory system consist of?

Back 53

This system consists of two key organs, both kidneys, but there are, however, more organs in this system.

Front 54

What does the nervous system do?

Back 54

Your body, using nerves, sends information to the brain. The brain send signals to muscles, skin, and blood vessels. They all work together to help your body preform properly.

Front 55

What does the nervous system consist of?

Back 55

It consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves.

Front 56

How can the body systems be disrupted?

Back 56

Diet and exercise (or lack of), drugs, injury, and disease can affect body systems and disrupt how they function.