Osmosis is the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a membrane into a compound where the solvent concentration is higher (Osmosis). These two terms are different because osmosis refers to fluids going through membranes, while diffusion can be any molecule (Haneef, Kochunni Jazir). Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion (What is...). A selectively permeable membrane is a material that only allows specific substances to pass through it (Selectively permeable...). This affects diffusion and osmosis because the processes are sometimes not permitted if the membrane is selectively permeable (Selective permeability).
Concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a substance in a solution between the areas of high and low density (Concentration gradient). The rate at which the molecules diffuse across the membrane is closely linked to the concentration gradient (How does...).
The independent variable is temperature and I will change it by increasing the heat of the water that the gummy bear is placed in. The process of osmosis is increased in speed by higher temperatures (How does...). Molecules are able to move faster in hotter temperatures, so that affects how quickly osmosis occurs (How does...). The higher rate of osmosis caused by hotter temperatures will cause the gummy bear to increase in size