Gcse Chemistry Revision (C1&c2)

Front 1

Atoms

Back 1

Tiny particles that make up all substances

Front 2

Elements

Back 2

Substances that are made up of only one type of atom

Front 3

Groups (Periodic Table)

Back 3

Columns in periodic table that arrange the elements. Each of these columns contain elements with similar chemical properties.

Front 4

Compounds

Back 4

Different types of atom bonded together

Front 5

Molecule

Back 5

A grouping of two or more atoms bonded together

Front 6

Reactants

Back 6

The substances you start with in a chemical equation

Front 7

Products

Back 7

The new substances made in a reaction

Front 8

Word Equation

Back 8

Equations that doesn't use symbols e.g. hydrogen + oxygen -> water

Front 9

Symbol Equation

Back 9

Equation that helps you to see how much of each substance is involved in a reaction e.g CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2

Front 10

Balanced Equation

Back 10

Equation that has same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation

Front 11

Law Of Conservation Of Mass

Back 11

"The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants"

Front 12

State Symbols

Back 12

Symbols added to a balanced symbol equation to give extra information e.g. (s) for solids, (l) for liquids, (g) for gases and (aq) for aqueous solutions

Front 13

Aqueous Solutions

Back 13

Substances dissolved in water

Front 14

Mixture

Back 14

Something that is made up of two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are not chemically combined together

Front 15

Filtration

Back 15

Technique used to separate substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent from those that are soluble in the solvent

Front 16

Crystallisation

Back 16

Technique used to separate a soluble solid from a solvent

Front 17

Simple Distillation

Back 17

Technique used to separate a solvent from a mixture of a solvent and a soluble solid

Front 18

Fractional Distillation

Back 18

Technique used to separate mixtures of miscible (the word miscible describes liquids that dissolve in each other, mixing completely) liquids

Front 19

Paper Chromatography

Back 19

Technique used to separate substances from mixtures; it works because some compounds in a mixture will dissolve better than others in the solvent chosen.

Front 20

Nucleus (Atom)

Back 20

Very small structure located at the centre of the atom. It contains two types of sub-atomic particle; protons and neutrons.

The mass of an atom is concentrated in here.

Front 21

Electrons

Back 21

These sub-atomic particles orbits the nucleus in an atom and they are negatively charged (their relative charge is -1)

Front 22

Protons

Back 22

Sub-atomic particles which have positive charge (their relative charge is +1)

Front 23

Neutrons

Back 23

Sub-atomic particles which have no charge (neutral)

Front 24

1

Back 24

Relative mass of a proton or neutron

Front 25

Very Small

Back 25

Relative mass of an electron

Front 26

Atomic Number

Back 26

The number of protons in each atom of an element. The chemical elements are placed in order of this specific number.

Front 27

Mass Number

Back 27

The number of protons + neutrons

Front 28

Ion

Back 28

A charged atom

Front 29

Isotopes

Back 29

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. They always have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

They also always have the same chemical properties, because their reactions depend on their electronic structures.

Front 30

Deuterium

Back 30

Hydrogen isotope with 1 neutron in the nucleus

Front 31

Tritium

Back 31

Hydrogen isotope with 2 neutron in the nucleus

Front 32

Energy Level

Back 32

aka Shell

Front 33

Number of electrons that first (and lowest) energy level can hold

Back 33

2

Front 34

Number of electrons that second and beyond energy levels can hold

Back 34

8

Front 35

Electronic Structure

Back 35

Numbers of electrons in each energy level written down e.g. 2,8,1

Front 36

Noble Gases

Back 36

-The elements in group 0 of the periodic table.

-The elements in group 0 are very stable, since they have eight electrons in their outermost shell.

-Exception is the helium, which has only 2 electrons in its outermost shell. However, since the 2 electrons are in the first shell, this makes the helium very stable too.

-The elements in group 0 are monatomic gases.

Front 37

Group Number

Back 37

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom is equal to this number.

Front 38

Metals

Back 38

-These substances conduct electricity

-In general, these substances have much higher melting/boiling points.

-These substances are ductile and malleable.

-These elements are found on the left-hand side and centre of the periodic table.

Front 39

Non-Metals

Back 39

-These substances are generally electrical insulators.

-These substances have lower melting/boiling points in general.

-These substances are brittle.

-These elements are found in the top right-hand corner of the periodic table, above the 'staircase'.

Front 40

Monatomic

Back 40

aka Single-atom

Front 41

Alkali Metals

Back 41

-Elements group 1

-All the group 1 elements are very reactive; they have to be stored in oil, which stops them from reacting with oxygen in the air.

-The reactivity increases going down the group

-All elements in group 1 have very low density compared to other metals.

-All elements in group 1 are also very soft and can be cut with a knife.

-Group 1 elements have a silvery, shiny surface when first cut.

-Going down the group, the melting points and boiling points get lower and lower.

Front 42

Halogens

Back 42

-They are group 7 elements

-They are toxic non-metals

-They have low melting points and boiling points.

-Their melting/boiling points increase going down the group

-They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

-They are diatomic molecules. The atoms in each pair are joined to each other by a covalent bond.

-The elements get less reactive going down the group.

Front 43

Diatomic

Back 43

Elements that exist as molecules made up of pairs of atoms

Front 44

Transition Elements (Metals)

Back 44

-They are all metals and they are positioned in the large central block of the periodic table between group 2 and group 3.

-They are good conductors of electricity and thermal energy.

-They are hard and strong.

-They have high densities.

-They have high melting points.