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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of Joints? |
* Fibrous Joints * Cartilaginous Joints * Synovial Joints |
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Describe a Fibrous Joint. (2) |
* Dense CT connect bones that are in close contact * No joint cavity |
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Describe a Cartilaginous Joint. (2) |
* Hyaline or Fibrocartilage connect bones * No joint cavity |
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Describe a Synovial Joint. (4) |
* Most complex joint * Allow for free movement * All are diarthritic * Has a joint cavity |
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What are the three functional joints? |
* Synarthrotic (immovable: skull sutures) * Amphiarthrotic (slightly movable: radius/ulna) * Diathrotic (freely movable: all other joints) |
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What are the three types of Fibrous Joints? (3) |
* Syndesmosis * Suture * Gomphosis |
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Describe Syndesmosis joints. (3) |
* A sheet or bundle of fibrous tissue connecting bones * Lies between tibia & fibia * Amphiarthritic (somewhat movable) |
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Describe Suture joints. (4) |
* Between flat bones (like skull) * Teeth-like projections * Thin layer of CT connects bones * Synarthritic |
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Describe Gomphosis joints. (3) |
* Cone-shaped bony process in a socket * Holds teeth in jawbone *Synarthritic |
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Describe Synarthrosis (immovable) joints. (3) |
* Sutures in the skull * Synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage between bones * Gomphosis: teeth in the jaw |
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Describe Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable) joints. |
* Symphysis (pubic) * Syndesmosis: collagen or interosseus ligaments hold bones together |
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Describe Diarthrosis (freely movable) joints. (3) |
* Movement & support * Complex * Movement is limited by bone structure, tendons & muscles |
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What are the two Cartilaginous Joints? |
* Synchondrosis * Symphysis |
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What are the 5 parts of the Synovial Joint? |
* Articular cartilage * Joint cavity * Joint capsule * Synovial membrane * Synovial fluid |
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What are the 6 types of Synovial Joints? |
* Ball & Socket (Spheroidal): Hip, shoulder * Condylar (Ellipsoidal): between metacarpals * Plane/Gliding: between sternum & clavicle * Hinge: elbow * Pivot (Trochoid): between Atlas & Axis * Saddle: thumb |
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What are Abduction & Adduction? |
Abduction: moving away from the midline Adduction: moving towards the midline |
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What are Dorsiflexon & Plantar Flexion? |
Dorsiflexion: Standing on your heels Plantar flexion: Tip toes |
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What is Flexion & Extension & Hyperextension? |
Flexion: Flexing muscles Extension: Kicking out Hyperextension: past 180* |
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What is Circumduction? |
Making circles |
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What is Supination & Pronation? |
Supination: Palm up (holding the soup!) Pronation: Palm down |
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What is Eversion & Inversion? |
Eversion: Sole of foot rotated out Inversion: Sole of foot rotated in |
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What is Protraction & Retraction? |
Protraction: Pushing jaw forward Retraction: Pulling jaw back |
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What is Elevation & Depression? |
Elevation: Raising your shoulders Depression: Dropping your shoulders |
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What are the Biomechanics of Joints as Levers? |
* The stability of a joint depends on the articular surface, ligaments & muscle tone * Stability is inversely related to degree of motion |
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What are the Components of a Lever? |
* Bar (bones) * Fulcrum (joint) * Object (resistant) being moved (weight) * Applied force (muscles) |
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What is a First Class Lever? |
Fulcrum between force and object (seesaw). Example: connection between Atlas (C1) and skull. |
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What is a Second Class Lever? |
* Object between fulcrum & force (crowbar) Example: standing on your toes |
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What is a Third Class Lever? |
* Force between fulcrum & object (forceps) * Most common in body Example: Flexion @ elbow, fingers or ankles |
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What are possible Complications of Joints as Levers? |
* Muscle attachment sites can determine mechanical disadvantage * Muscle inserts close to joint = speed, high range of movement, less power * Muscle inserts far from joint = more power, less speed, less range of movement |
