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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Not synthesized by the body and must be included in our diet |
Essential ions |
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Ions that are required for normal functioning but in small amounts only |
Trace ions |
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Triggers biological mechanisms in digestive, circulatory, muscular and cerebral systems |
Trace ions |
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Any number of element required by a living organism to ensure normal growth, development and maintenance |
Essential ions |
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Generally not needed in body functions but some may have beneficial action in appropriate dosage |
Non-essential ions |
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Deficiency of Iron2 or Iron3 |
Anemia |
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Metabolic function of iron |
Constituent of hemoglobin |
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Metabolic function of iodine |
Constituent of thyroxin and triiodothyronine (found in thyroid gland) |
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Deficiency of iodine |
Endemic goiter Cretinism |
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Metabolic function of cobalt |
Constituent of vit b12 (cyanocobalamin) |
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Deficiency of cobalt |
Deficiency of vit b12 pernicious anemia; an excess-polycythemia |
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Metabolic function of zinc |
Constituent of insulin and carbonic anhydrase |
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Deficiency of zinc |
Anemia, stunted growth, hypogonadism(in males), parakeratosis |
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Metabolic function of copper |
Formation of hemoglobin(increase iron utilisation) Constituent of oxidase enzymes |
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Deficiency of copper |
Hypochromic anemia Excessive hepatic storage in Wilson's disease |
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Metabolic function of sulfur sulfate |
Constituent of proteins mucopolysaccharides, heparin, biotin, detoxication |
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Iron is an essential component of several metalloproteins such as |
Hemoglobin Myoglobin Many redox enzymes |
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Present in animals, wherever respiration occurs |
Iron |
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An electron carrier and responsible in the transport of molecular oxygen |
Iron |
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Extra iron is stored in... |
Liver Bone marrow Spleen |
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Iron absorption takes places in _______ |
Duodenum |
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__________ is given concomitantly for iron absorption |
Ascorbic acid |
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Manifestation of hypochromic microcytic anemia |
Listlessness (lacking physical strength and vigor) Palpitation on exertion Sore throat and angular stomatitis Dsyphagia (difficulty in swallowing) Kilonychia (spoon nails) |
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Recommended daily allowance of iron for male and female |
Male - 8mg/day Female - 18mg/day |
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Toxicity of iron |
Development of hemochromatosis (resulting from excessive tissue accumulation) |
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In blood system iron is bound as.... |
Hemoglobin Plasma |
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Mode of linkage of iron in blood system |
Heme Transferrin |
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Function of iron in blood system |
Oxygen and iron transport |
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Iron in tissues is bound as.... |
Functional iron (myoglobin, cell heme) Storage iron |
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Mode of linkage of iron in tissues |
Heme Ferritin Hemosiderin |
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Function of iron in tissues |
Cell respiration Iron pool Detoxication |
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Brand names of ferrous fumerate.... And it contains _____% of elemetal iron |
Ferrovit Fergesol 33% |
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Resistant to oxidation in air |
Ferrous fumerate |
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Has good bioavailability |
Ferrous gluconate |
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Brand name of ferrous gluconate and its content of elemental iron |
Fergon Approximately 12% |
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Brand names of ferrous sulfate and its content |
United home ferrous sulfate Feosol Ferglobin Sorbifer durules 20% |
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Sterile colloidal soln of ferric hydroxide in complex and with partially hydrolyzed LMV dextran, in water, for injection. Administered by IM only |
Iron-dextran injection |
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Administered IM only, can cause dark urine due to iron sulfate |
Iron sorbitex injection |
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Aka of ferrous sulfate, USP |
Iron sulfate Copperas Green vitriol Iron vitriol |
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Pale, bluish green crystals which are odorless |
Ferrous sulfate, usp |
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Effloresces in dry air and oxidizes mosit air to form brownish yellow basic ________. |
Ferrous sulfate Ferric sulfate |
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Prep of ferrous sulfate |
As a by product of "pickling" of steel Obtained from treated mineral pyrite (fool's gold or iron pyrite) |
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Use of ferrous sulfate |
Used as hematinic |
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Irritating to GI mucosa due to astringent action of soluble ion |
Ferrous sulfate, USP |
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Therapeutic use of iodine |
Fibrinolytic agent in syphilis and leprosy Expectorant Ameliorating agent in hyperthyroidism |
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Daily dose of iodine in male and female |
Male - 140mcg/day Female - 100mcg/day |
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Source of iodine |
Salt water fish Shellfish Iodized salt and milk |
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Treats infections in wounds |
Povidone iodine |
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An expectorant to liquefy thick and tenacious sputum in several lung condition |
Potassium iodide |
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Prep of iodine |
Iodine soln and tincture Povidone iodine Potassium iodide |
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Has central role in immune system |
Zinc |
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Recommended daily allowance of zinc in male and female |
Male - 11mg/day Female - 8mg/day |
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Toxicity of zinc |
Metal fume fever Characterized by dehydration, electrolytic imbalance, stomach pain, dizziness High zinc intake are known to lower copper absorption |
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Recommended daily allowance of copper |
900mcg/day |
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Toxicity of copper |
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) Leads to excess accumulation of copper in brain, liver and kidney
DOC: penicillamine |
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Used as anticargiogenic |
Fluoride |
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Toxicity of fluoride |
Fluorosis |
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Deficiency of fluoride |
Tooth decay |
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Causes CNS depression in small doses (____-____) |
Bromide (.2 to 2g) |
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Bromide in large doses (___-____) depresses all reflexes and used as a medication for _______ |
4-8g Epileptic seizures |
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Toxicity of bromide that is characterized by insomia, restlessness, dizziness, weakness |
Bromism |
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Uses of arsenic |
Rat poison component Protoplasmic poison for trypanosomiasis and amoebiasis Used in leukemia |
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Toxicity of arsenic |
Headache, confusion, sever diarrhea, drowsiness Mees' lines (development of leukonychia(white spots) in fingernails |
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Uses of lithium |
Mood stabilizer in manic-depressive psychosis Depressant to the CNS and to circulation Has diuretic effect |
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Toxicity of lithium |
Affects the kidneys and induces diabetes insipidus |
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Uses of gold |
Cure for rheumatoid arthritis and non-disseminated lupus erythematosus |
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Uses of Aluminum |
Used as astringent (soluble salt like alum, chlorine and sulfate)
Used as gastric antacids (insoluble salt like phosphate and hydroxides) Deodorant |
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Toxicity of silver |
Argyria |
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Used as styptic and protein precipitant |
Silver |
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Can be an antiseptic, astringent, irritant-corrosive ( as the concentration of free silver increases) |
Silver |
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Uses of mercury |
Diuretic Germicide Antiseptic |
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Toxicity of mercury |
Hydrargyria |
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Compounds of mercury |
Mercurous chloride Ammoniated mercury Yellow mercuric oxide |
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Compound of silver |
Toughened silver nitrate |
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Compounds of gold |
Gold sodium thiomalate Aurothioglucose |
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Compound of lithium |
Lithium carbonate |
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Compounds of arsenic |
Potassium arsenite (fowler's soln) - soln of As2O3 and KHCO3 |
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Compounds of bromide |
NaBr KBr NH4Br |
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Compound of fluoride |
Sodium fluoride |
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Uses of strontium |
Sedative (in form of Strontium bromide) Treatment of osteoporosis (strontium lactate) Dentrifice |
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Compounds of strontium |
Strontium chloride (desensitizing agent) Strontium ranelate |
