Emergency Care 13Th Edition Chapter 7

Front 1

aerobic metabolism

Back 1

(air-O-bik) the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.

Front 2

anaerobic metabolism

Back 2

(AN-air-o-bik) the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.

Front 3

cardiac output

Back 3

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute (heart rate åµ stroke volume).

Front 4

chemoreceptors

Back 4

(ke-mo-re-cept-erz) chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Front 5

dead air space

Back 5

air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange.

Front 6

dehydration

Back 6

(de-hi-DRAY-shun) an abnormally low amount of water in the body.

Front 7

diaphoresis

Back 7

cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating.

Front 8

edema

Back 8

(eh-DEE-muh) swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space causing a buildup of fluid in the tissues.

Front 9

electrolyte

Back 9

(e-LEK-tro-lite) a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles.

Front 10

FiO2

Back 10

fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe.

Front 11

hydrostatic pressure

Back 11

(HI-dro-STAT-ik) the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel.

Front 12

hypersensitivity

Back 12

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance.

Front 13

hypoperfusion

Back 13

(HI-po-per-FEW-zhun) inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called shock. See also perfusion, shock.

Front 14

metabolism

Back 14

(meh-TAB-o-lizm) the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy.

Front 15

minute volume

Back 15

the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute.

Front 16

patent

Back 16

(pay-tent) open and clear; free from obstruction.

Front 17

pathophysiology

Back 17

(path-o-fiz-e-OL-o-je) the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body.

Front 18

perfusion

Back 18

(pur-FEW-zhun) the supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Front 19

plasma oncotic pressure

Back 19

(PLAZ-ma on-KOT-ik) the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.

Front 20

shock

Back 20

the body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients, which is a life-threatening condition. Also known as hypoperfusion.

Front 21

stretch receptors

Back 21

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure.

Front 22

stroke volume

Back 22

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.

Front 23

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Back 23

the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system.

Front 24

tidal volume

Back 24

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.

Front 25

V/Q match

Back 25

ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the aveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.