Chapter 7

Front 1

pathophysiology

Back 1

the study of how disease process affect the function of the body

Front 2

metabolism

Back 2

the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy. The conversion of glucose into ATP.

Front 3

electrolytes

Back 3

a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles.

Front 4

aerobic metabolism

Back 4

cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.

Front 5

anaerpbic metabolism

Back 5

cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.

Front 6

ATP

Back 6

adenosine triphosphate. The cells internally created fuel. Created in the mitochondria.

Front 7

FiO2

Back 7

Fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe.

Front 8

patent

Back 8

open and clear: free from obstruction

Front 9

tidal volume

Back 9

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.

Front 10

minute volume

Back 10

the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute.

x mL * BpM = minute Volume

Front 11

dead air space

Back 11

air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange.

Front 12

chemoreceptors

Back 12

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Front 13

plasma oncotic pressure

Back 13

the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.

Front 14

mdeulla oblongata

Back 14

the brains sear of respiratory control

Front 15

active process

Back 15

inhalation is an active process. To inhale, the diaphragm contracts, the muscles of the chest expand, and a negative pressure is created in the chest cavity pulls air in through the trachea.

Front 16

passive process

Back 16

exhalation is a passive process. To exhale, the diaphragm and chest muscles relax to make the chest contract, creating a positive pressure that pushes air out.

Front 17

hydrostatic pressure

Back 17

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel. this pressure is created when the heart beats.

Front 18

capillaries

Back 18

the smallest blood vessels. Thin walled like cell membrane that allow movement of substances into and out of the bloodstream.

Front 19

arterioles

Back 19

the smallest arteries (oxygenated blood)

(de-oxygenated regarding the pulmunary process.)

Front 20

venules

Back 20

the smallest veins (de-oxygenated blood)

(oxygenated regarding the pulmonary process)

Front 21

stretch receptors

Back 21

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure.

Front 22

hypertension

Back 22

abnormal constriction of the peripheral blood vessels, high blood pressure

Front 23

systemic vascular resistance (SRV)

Back 23

the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system.

Front 24

stroke volume

Back 24

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 contraction. (Left ventricle does this, you know that)

Front 25

cardiac output

Back 25

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute (HR x Stroke Volume)

Front 26

preload RE: Stroke Volume

Back 26

how much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction. How much it is filled.

Front 27

contractility RE: Stroke Volume

Back 27

The force of contraction, how hard the heart squeezes. The more forceful the muscle squeezes, the greater the stroke volume.

Front 28

Afterload RE: Stroke Volume

Back 28

a function of systemic vascular resistance. It is how much pressure the heart has to pump against to force blood out into the system. the greater the pressure in the system, the lower the stroke volume.

Front 29

V/Q match

Back 29

ventilation/Perfusion match. the alveoli are supplied with enough air and the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Front 30

perfusion

Back 30

the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Front 31

hypoperfusion

Back 31

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock.

Front 32

shock

Back 32

Hypopersusion

Front 33

hypovolemic shock

Back 33

Hypovolemia, or low blood volume. Occures when blood is lost from the cardiovascular system. ie: sever blood loss. or when the volume of blood is diminished ie: dehydration.

Front 34

Distributive shock

Back 34

Blood vessel tone is lost. The smooth muscle in the vessels looses its ability to maintain a normal diameter.

anayhylaxis or sepsis can cause vessels to dilate, reducing blood pressure.

Front 35

Cardiogenic shock

Back 35

the heat fails in its ability to pump blood.

Front 36

Obstructive shock

Back 36

the prevention of blood from reaching essential organs and vital areas.

Front 37

diaphoresis

Back 37

cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating

Front 38

Fluid balance

Back 38

intracellular - 70% - water inside cells

intravascular - 5% - water in the bloodstream

interstitial - 25% - water found between cells and blood vessels.

Front 39

dehydration

Back 39

and abnormally low amount of water in the body

Front 40

edema

Back 40

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space

Front 41

hypersensitivity

Back 41

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance. "allergic reaction"