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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The respiratory system is diveded into
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Upper and Lower airway
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Upper Airway extends from
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nose and mouth to the Cricoid Cartilage, the most inferior portion of the larynx
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Mucous Membrane
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Damp, sticky lining in the nose, that filters air moving in the body through the nostrils.
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What is a common cause of airway obstruction in a pt with an altered mental status?
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the tongue
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Pharnyx
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Throat
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Nasopharynx
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portion of the pharnyx that extends from the nostrils to the soft pallet.
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Oropharynx
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Central portion of the pharnyx laying between the soft pallet and epiglottis, with the mouth as it's opening.
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What two passage ways are found at the lower end of the pharanyx
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Trachea and Esophagus
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Trachea
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passageway for air traveling into the lungs
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Esophagus
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route taken by food and water to the stomach
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Epiglottis
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A small flap of tissue that protects the Trachea, acting as a valve that closes over the trachea while food and drink are being swallowed.
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What are the best methods to unblock an obstruction of the trachea caused by epiglottis or tongue?
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Head-tilt manuever, chin jaw-lift, jaw-thrust manuever. (All pull the epiglottis away from the opening of the larynx.
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Larynx
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(Voice box)Superior to the trachea, inferior to epiglottis; contains vocal chords
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Thyroid Cartilage
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Anterior portion of the Larynx, AKA "Adam's Apple" (can be felt at front of throat.
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Cricoid Cartilage
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Forms the inferior portion of the Larynx, only completely circular cartilagenous ring of the upper airway. Common site of airway obstruction in Adults, infants, and children.
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The Lower Airway
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extends from the Cricoid cartilage at the lower edge of the larynx to the alveoli of the lungs.
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Trachea
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(Windpipe)the passageway for air entering the lungs extends from larynx to Carina.
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Carina
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point at which the trachea splits into the right and left mainstem Bronchi.
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Bronchi (Right and Left)
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extend from the Carina to the lungs, where they divide into smaller sections or branches known as Bronchioles.
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Bronchioles
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Diminishing branches of the Bronchi leading to the aveolar sacs.
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Serous Fluid
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lines the Bronchioles, acting as a lubricant to reduce friction when the layers of the pleura rub against each other during breathing.
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What could occur if a hole were made in either pleural layer?
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Air may enter the pleural space, increasing the size by drawing in air and collapsing the lung. Seen in blunt and penetrating injuries to the chest.
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Diaphragm
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a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, major muscle used in breathing, 60% of effort in ventilation
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What is the passage of air into and out of the lungs
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Ventilation
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What is the process of breathing in air
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Inhalation or Inspiration
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What is the process of breathing air out
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exhalation or expiration
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Inhalation is a(n) ______ Process, because it requries energy to contract the muscles.
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Active
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Exhalation is a(n) ______ Process, because it involves relaxation of the muscles and little energy is expended
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passive
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The process by which the blood and the cells become saturated with oxygen
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Oxygenation
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The process in which fresh oxygen replaces waste carbon dioxide, a gas exchange that takes place b/w the alveoli and the capillaries inthe lungs, and between the capilllaries and the cells throughout the body
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Respiration
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Process of moving air in and out of the lungs
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Ventilation
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An inadequate amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells
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Hypoxia
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Signs of Hypoxia
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Tachpnea, Dyspnea, Pale cool clammy skin, tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness, disorientation, headache
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Signs of Severe Hypoxia
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Tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia that may lead to dysrhythmias, bradycardia, confusion, loss of coordination, sleepy, head bobbing, slow reaction time, altered mental status.
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Cyanosis
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Bluish gray color, late sign of hypoxia, maybe found in the lips, mouth, and around the nose, fingernail beds, oral mucosa
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Hemoglobin
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Found on surface of red blood cells, responsible for picking up the oxygen in the blood and carrying it through the arterial system to the capillaries throughout the body.
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An open airway is commonly refered to as a(n)
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patent airway
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Occurs when the upper airway A sound made by pt, when the airway is partially obstructed by the base of the tongue or by relaxed tissues in the pharynx
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Snoring
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A sound that occurs when the muscles around the larynx spasm and narrow the opening of the trachea
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Crowing
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Gurgling
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a Sound like gargling, usually indicates presence of blood, vomitous, secretions, or other liquid in airway.
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Stridor
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a harsh, high pitched sound heard during inspiration, swelling in larynx.
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A semicircular device of hard plastic or rubber that holds the tongue away from the back of the airway
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Oropharyngeal airway
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a curved hollow tube of soft plastic or rubber with a flange or flare a the top end and a bevel a the distal end
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Nasopharyngeal airway (nasal airway)
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Adequate Breathing
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Adult: 8-24 p/min
Child: 15-30 p/min Infant: 25-50 p/min Elderly: 20 p/min |
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Rhythm (Breathing)
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pattern is regular
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Quality (breathing)
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breath sounds are = and full bilaterally, no accessory muscles used in respiration
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Depth (Tidal Volume) in breathing
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Volume of air felt and heard by placing your ear next to the patients mouth and nose is adequate
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Without adequate air, the brain begins to die in ____ to ____ mins
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4, 6
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Respiratory Failure
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occurs when the respiratory rate and /or tidal volume is insufficient
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Respiratory Arrest
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(Apnea) occurs when pt completely stops breathing.
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Agonal Respirations
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are gasping-type breaths that a pt may take immediately after going into cardiac arrest.
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Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
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air being forced into the pt's lungs
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