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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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DNA is made of...
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Made of many nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds...
1x phosphate, 1x deoxyribose sugar, 1x variable base... Joined in condensation reactions... |
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DNA replication
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1, unzips - two template strands
2, free floating mononucletides + complementary base pairs 3, joined by h-bonds 4, TWO new DNA strands - one original strand + new strand |
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Semi-conservative DNA replication (Meselson & Stahl)
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1, bacteria grown - either in light or heavy nitrogen (bacteria produces - takes up N - integrates into DNA)
2, samples taken, spun in centrifuge - heavy N bacteria settled lower 3, heavy N bacteria grown light - sample taken then spun 4, IF IT WAS CONSERVATIVE - dna would separate 5, THEY FOUND - dna settled in the middle - mixture of heavy & light I.e SEMI CONSERVATIVE |
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mRNA structure
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"ribonucleic acid" "messenger RNA"
Phosphate, pentose sugar, complementary base (U replaces T)... SINGLE stranded |
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Transcription
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1, DNA helicase breaks h-bonds - DNA unwinds on the SPECIFIC triplet code for a protein...
2, One strand acts as template - free RNA nucleotides line up on template, according to complementary base pairs (U replaces T)... 3, Condensation reaction > peptide bonds form between RNA making mRNA... 4, mRNA leaves through nuclear pore to ribosome for transcription. 5, DNA polymerase coils dna back up |
takes place in the nucleus
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tRNA structure
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single folded polynucleotide strand...
binding site w/ specific amino acid each tRNA has the Anti-codon > binds to codon on mRNA |
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Transcription
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1, mRNA attaches to ribosome
2, 2 tRNA molecule w/ amino acids attaches > complimentary base pairing of anti-codons to codons 3, Amino acids joined by peptide bonds 4, tRNA moves away 5, attaching & moving until Stop-codon reached *polypeptide (amino acid) chain moves away from ribosome |
takes place in the ribosome
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a gene is?
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a sequence of 3 base pairs,
a triplet or codon |
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Mutations are...
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Changes to the base sequences of DNA.
In enzymes: order of amino acids altered (primary structure) >>> effects 3D structure > active sites > restricts function |
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