Cscs Exercise Science Questions

Front 1

During concentric phase of the low-bar back squat, which following muscle acts as an antagonist to the glutes?

Quadriceps, hamstrings, or psoas major?

Back 1

Psoas major

Front 2

Which of the following muscle groups and types of muscle actions are associated with the downward phase of the dumbbell biceps curl?

Back 2

Elbow flexors, eccentric

Front 3

Which of the following rest periods is most appropriate for a middle distance runner performing 800m running intervals in 2 min?

2-4- or 6

Back 3

6 min

Front 4

As compared to males, the potential for force production of females per muscle cross-sectional area is:

Back 4

Similar

Front 5

What cardiovascular adaptation to chronic aerobic exercise contributes the most to improved aerobic endurance performance?

Back 5

Increased maximal cardiac output

Front 6

Which of the following events occurs in the hamstring muscles (on a myofibril level) during the concentric muscle action of the leg (knee) curl exercise?

Back 6

The H zone length decreases

Front 7

Depletion of which of the following fuel sources hinders marathon performance most?

Back 7

Muscle glycogen

Front 8

Which of the following muscle actions produces the greatest amount of muscle force?

Eccentric, concentric, isometric

Back 8

Eccentric

Front 9

Which of the following exercises is an example of a first-class lever?

Back 9

Triceps push down

Front 10

Which of the following muscle actions precedes a counter movement jump?

Back 10

Eccentric loading

Front 11

An exercise session consisting of which training modality results in the largest increase in serum HGH concentration?

Back 11

High-intensity resistance training

Front 12

An increase in which of the following is a marker of aerobic overtraining?

Back 12

Creatine kinase concentration

Front 13

An increase in which of the following increases oxygen delivery to the active muscles during acute aerobic exercise?

Blood hemoglobin, cardiac output, plasma volume

Back 13

Cardiac output

Front 14

If calcium is not returned to the S.R, which of the following best describes what occurs in the muscle?

Back 14

Fused tetany

Front 15

The arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2) is a measure of:

Back 15

The amount of oxygen taken up from the blood by the tissues.

The greater the amount of oxygen extracted by the tissues, the greater the difference.

Front 16

A female marathon runner goes from sea level to altitude of 5280, what is the immediate physiological effect?

Back 16

Increased cardiac output

Front 17

What is the equation to calculate power?

Back 17

Work / time

Front 18

Which movement occurs mainly in the transverse plane?

Back 18

Bent over lateral raise

Front 19

What components of training stimulate new bone?

Back 19

Progressive overload, direction of force, and rate of loading

Front 20

Gas exchange during respiration occurs in which of the following structures?

Back 20

Capillaries

Front 21

An athlete wants to train the glycolytic and aerobic energy systems. What rest period is most appropriate if she performs work intervals of 60 seconds in duration?

Back 21

3 min

Front 22

What work interval/ intensity ratio most closely stimulates the metabolic demands of a basketball game?

Back 22

10 seconds, 95%

Front 23

What factors determine the primary energy system used during exercise?

Back 23

Exercise intensity and exercise duration

Front 24

A parent informs the coach that their child is Tanner’s Stage 1. What does that mean?

Back 24

Regarding their Biological age-

Tanner stages classification documents and tracks the development of secondary characteristics of children in puberty. Stages 1-5 (prepubertal-adult level)

Front 25

What is an example of a second-class lever?

Back 25

Standing calf (heel) raise

Front 26

All innervates muscle fibers of a motor unit fully contract when stimulated due to:

Back 26

All-or-none principle

Front 27

Which of the following increases as an adaptation to chronic resistance training, but decreases with aerobic training?

Maximal power production or creatine phosphate stores

Back 27

Maximal power production

Front 28

A 12-year old has been resistance training twice a week for six weeks. Which adaptations contribute the most to training-induced strength gains?

Increased muscle size

Increased motor unit activation

Greater testosterone concentration

Back 28

Increased motor unit activation

Front 29

Which of the following best describes the effect on mechanical advantage as a resistance moment arm shortens?

Increases, decreases, or no change

Back 29

Increases

Front 30

A 17-yo tennis player follows an aerobic training program 3 days per week at 70% HRmax for 4 weeks.

Which of the following is going to increase?

Stored creatine phosphate

Body fat percentage

Maximal rate of force production

Back 30

Stored creatine phosphate

Front 31

What best identifies the joint actions during the upward phase of the push press exercise?

Back 31

Rapidly flex the hips, knees and ankles and then the arms to push the bar overhead

Front 32

Which is a marker of aerobic overtraining?

Decreased total testosterone concentration

Increased muscle glycogen stores

Increased resting catecholamine level

Back 32

Decreased total testosterone concentration

Front 33

During a single exercise session, what training variable should be decreased to product greater ATP production capacity?

Back 33

Intensity

Front 34

What will be improved the most by increasing the strength of the hip flexor muscles?

Back 34

Maximum speed

Front 35

What will decrease the power output of an athlete performing the snatch exercise?

Back 35

Increasing the load from 90-95% of an athlete’s 1RM

Front 36

What adaptation results from heavy resistance training?

Back 36

Increased Type II fiber cross-sectional area

Front 37

What muscle acts as the agonist during the second pull of the power clean?

Back 37

Trapezius

Front 38

What contributes the most to shock absorption while running?

Back 38

Eccentric plantar flexion

Front 39

Which of the following increases serum testosterone most during resistance training?

High intensity (10RM)

Short rest period (30-60 seconds)

Moderate resistance (67-85%)

Back 39

Short rest period (30-60 seconds)

Front 40

A female college athlete began S and C program 10 weeks ago. In the following weeks, she continues to see gains, what most likely contributes to this change?

Back 40

Increased muscle fiber size

Front 41

A novice athlete has been following an aerobic endurance training program for 12 months. What is most likely to occur?

Back 41

Increased resting stroke volume

Front 42

Which of the following muscles acts isometrically during the deadlift exercise?

Gastrocnemius

Erector spinae

Or Rectus femoris

Back 42

Erector spinae

Front 43

An 18yp college rugby player is participating in a resistance prog. What is primarily responsible for the increases in strength during the first 8 weeks?

Back 43

Motor unit synchronization

Front 44

High school 1600meter running trains aerobically for 2 years. She improves when performance time throughout the course of her first season. What is primarily responsible for her increases?

Back 44

Improvement in VO2 max

Front 45

What causes an athletes heart rate to increase during the anticipatory period immediately before the start of a race?

Back 45

Parasympathetic activity decreases

Sympathetic activity increases

Front 46

What are the daily fat requirements (grams) and percentages?

Back 46

20-35%

2g/kg BW is required to replenish triglycerides after prolonged endurance of 2+ hours.

Front 47

Describe training adaption syndrome (TAS) in relation to homeostasis.

Back 47

The body’s response to a resistance training stimulus.

Begins with new training stimulus, which drops you down below homeostatic levels and leads to fatigue. This is the general alarm phase. As the body recovers, it goes above homeostasis and rebuilds stronger, during adaptation supercompensation stage. At a certain point, called regression or involution, the body can no longer adapt and eventually will lead to overtraining if intensity of stimulus does not stop.

Front 48

What is the Karvonen method?

Back 48

A way to measure intensity and heart rate reserve in relation to heart rate.

APMHR = 220 - age

APMHR - resting heart rate = HRR (heart rate reserve )

(HRR x intensity) + RHR = heart rate goal for given intensity

Front 49

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Back 49

Systolic- the pressure the heart exerts on arterial walls when the heart beats. (Systole)

Diastolic- the amount of pressure on arterial walls between beats. (Diastole)

Front 50

The Fick Equation for calculating oxygen uptake (VO2)

Back 50

VO2 = Q x a-VO2diff

Q is cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

aVO2 is the difference in oxygen content between arteries and veins

Front 51

Defining numbers of osteopenia vs osteoporosis

Back 51

Based on bone mineral density

Penia: -1 to 2.5

Rosis: below -2.5

Front 52

What is a MET?

Back 52

Metabolic equivalent

The amount of oxygen required by the body at rest.

3.5 mL - kg - min of oxygen consumption

Front 53

How do you calculate heart rate reserve?

Back 53

HRR = APMHR - resting HR

Front 54

What are the two types of cartilage that are significant to physical activity?

Back 54

Hyaline- articular cartilage found on articulating surfaces of bone

Fibrous: very tough, found in intervertebral disks and junctions of tendon and bone

Front 55

Explain muscle buffering capacity:

Back 55

MBC

The ability to regulate hydrogen concentrations in skeletal muscle during high intensity exercise

Front 56

What are the two types of collagen fiber?

Back 56

The primary structural component of all connective tissues.

Type I - bone, tendon, ligament

Type II- cartilage

Front 57

Explain Progressive muscle relaxation

Back 57

Uses reciprocal inhibition to relax body and thus the mind.

10-15sec of excessive contraction in a given muscle

10-15 sec of intentional relaxation (trying to feel warmth and heaviness)

Front 58

Mean arterial pressure is defined as:

Back 58

The average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle (during contraction and relaxation)

Front 59

What does it mean to lie “supine”?

Back 59

Face up

Prone- face down

Front 60

What are the three phases of PNF stretching?

Back 60

Hold-relax

Contract-relax (contract antagonist)

Hold-relax

Front 61

What type of stretching decreases muscle spindle stimulation?

Back 61

Static stretching

Front 62

When stimulated during PNF stretching, GTOs allow the relaxation of the:

Back 62

stretched muscle by its own contraction

Front 63

Where does bone formation occur?

Back 63

The diaphysis- central shaft of long bone.

Also in growth cartilage in adolescents

Front 64

Equation for cardiac output (Q)

Back 64

Stroke volume x heart rate

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in L/min

Front 65

What is stroke volume?

Back 65

Amount of blood ejected with each beat.

Front 66

What does somatopsychic mean?

Back 66

Muscle-to-mind

The muscle action is initiator of mental relaxation

Front 67

What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic?

Back 67

Sympathetic: fight or flight

Parasympathetic: rest and digest

Front 68

Difference between BMR and RMR?

Back 68

Basal- just living, no activity

Resting- includes activity levels

Front 69

Your hamstring is an example of a class ______ (blank) lever

Back 69

3

Front 70

Define moment of inertia

Back 70

Torque required to rotate an object from a standstill

Think of starting a carousel at park vs if it’s already going

Front 71

What is potentiation in relation to muscle force production?

Back 71

The change in the force-velocity of the muscles contractile components caused by stretch.

“Reflex of muscle spindle potentiates agonist force production”

Front 72

What is the difference between Autogenic and reciprocal inhibition?

Back 72

Autogenic is relaxation that occurs in same muscle that is experiencing tension (PNF stretching for example)

Reciprocal is relaxation in the opposing muscle

Front 73

Sodium bicarbonate as an aid:

Back 73

An antacid, improves muscle buffering capacity

Front 74

Sodium bicarbonate as an aid:

Back 74

An antacid, improves muscle buffering capacity

Front 75

What is HCG?

Back 75

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Hormone obtained from placenta

In men, can increase testosterone production

Front 76

Using caffeine as a performance enhancer:

Back 76

3-6 mg/Kg BW 50-60 minutes before exercise increased performance by 3%

Front 77

What are the main substrates used in the 400meter distance swimmer?

Liver glycogen and fatty acids (oxidative)

Muscle glycogen and liver glycogen (glycolysis)

Muscle glycogen and cp (phosphagen)

Back 77

Liver glycogen and fatty acids (oxidative)

Front 78

Duration of events and primary energy systems, starting with 3 seconds and going to over 3 minutes.

Back 78

0-6 phosphagen

6-30 phosphagen and fast glycolysis

30-2min fast glycolysis

2-3 min fast glycolysis and oxidative systems

>3min oxidative

Front 79

Primary energy systems and their rest ratios:

Back 79

Phosphagen: 1:12-1:20

Fast glycolysis: 1:3-1:5

Fast glycolysis and oxidative: 1:3-1:4

Oxidative 1:1 to 1:3

Front 80

What energy system is anaerobic and relies on hydrolysis of ATP and creatine phosphate?

Back 80

Phosphagen

Front 81

What energy system is anaerobic and relies on hydrolysis of ATP and creatine phosphate?

Back 81

Phosphagen

Front 82

How is fast glycolysis (the breakdown of glycogen or glucose) different than slow glycolysis?

Back 82

Sometimes called anaerobic glycolysis, fast takes the Pyruvate and converts it to lactate.

Produces ATP at a faster rate, but is limited in duration.

Slow, or aerobic glycolysis, Pyruvate is shuttled into mitochondria to undergo Krebs cycle, where ATP synthesis is slower but can go for longer.

Front 83

Key points of oxidative system (4)

Back 83

Aerobic, primary source at rest and during low intensity exercise

Used mainly fat and carbs

Since plenty of oxygen is available, Pyruvate goes to Krebs cycle

Production of NADH and FADH from Krebs goes to electron transport, creating more atp from adp

Front 84

Your lactate threshold is the moment when:

Back 84

The intensity of exercise is high enough that the amount of oxygen you take in can’t be utilized by oxidative phosphorylation fast enough to prevent lactate from building up in glycolytic metabolism.

Because there is not enough oxygen, Pyruvate cannot enter aerobic metabolism and thus is converted to lactate and accumulates.

Front 85

Equation for work

Back 85

Work = force x displacement

Front 86

Equation for work

Back 86

Work = force x displacement

Front 87

Equation for force:

Back 87

Force = mass x acceleration

Front 88

Equation for work

Back 88

Work = force x displacement

Front 89

Equation for force:

Back 89

Force = mass x acceleration

Front 90

Equation for power:

Back 90

Power = work/time