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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Psychoanalysis |
Based on Freud's theory of personality, psychoanalysis sees weak superego as a cause of criminality |
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Effectiveness of psychoanalysis |
Not very effective only 44 of psychoanalysis patients treated for neurosis showed improvement compared to 72% of patients treated by hospitals. |
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What is the operant Learning Theory for influencing policy |
Operant Learning Theory claims criminal behaviour is learned through reinforcement and punishment it has been applied to polices for offenders via token economies |
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What is token economy |
A program of selective reinforcement that rewards desirable behaviours |
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Effectiveness of token economy |
Makes prisoners more manageable in prison,once reinforcement stops desired behaviour disappears |
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What is eyesecks personality therory and aversion therapy |
Aversion therapy applies Eysencks personally theory to the treatment of sex offenders. Offenders are told to think about unacceptable sexual fantasies they will administrated a strong aversive stimulus which they would want to avoid. |
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Effectiveness of Eysencks personality theory and aversion therapy |
Doesn't work-limited success,only short term,it used it to "cure gay",people have been criticized as humans= abuse of rights |
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What are cognitive theories and CBT |
Cognitive theories claim that our cognition shapes our behaviour including offending behaviour CBT aim to change offenders distorted thinking and attitudes. |
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What are the 3 CBT programs? |
Think first Aggression Replacement Training What works |
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What is the think first program |
Involves group and one to one sessions with repeat offenders to control their thoughts feelings and behaviour |
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What is Aggression Replacement Training |
Program for violent aggressive offenders which involves: interpersonal skills training Anger control techniques Moral reasoning training |
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What is what works |
Aims to reduce offending. It has a clear plan,it targets risk factors |
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Think first effectiveness |
30% less likely to be reconvicted the none completion rate is high |
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Effectiveness of aggression Replacement Training |
Evaluations show lower reconviction rates |
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What are values |
General principles beliefs and guidelines about how we should live out life's,tell us what's right or wrong |
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What are norms |
Rules or socially accepted standards of how we are supposed to behave |
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What are Mores |
Essential norms that society sees as essential to maintain civilised behaviour. |
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Examples of changes in law over time |
Drink driving Immigration and racism Cultural changes and LGBTQ rights |
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Drink driving details |
1925 first law passed making driving while drink an offence. No clear definition of "drunk". No legal limit on how much alcohol could have in their blood.1952 only 15% of households owned a car and this increased to 55% by 1971= more deaths.5000 in 1950 to 8000 by 1960s |
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Changing perceptions of drink driving |
Road safety was becoming more of a public concern.1966 all new cars had to be fitted with seatbelts. 1967 introduced alcohol limit of 80mg per 100ml of blood. |
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Breathalysers |
1958 they were introduced for roadside use. Government did a major advertising campaign it helped to reduce road deaths by over 11,000. Accidents went from 25% to 15% |
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Tougher laws regarding drink driving |
1983 high risk offender scheme was introduced for convicted drivers with an alcohol problem. 1991 new offence of causing death by drink driving or under influence of drugs was introduced with a compulsory prison sentence up to 4 years |
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Campaigns in regards to drink driving |
Fall in death rates 1979 half of all male drivers admitted drink driving least least once a week 2014 survey by THINK showed there has been a massive change in people's attitudes 91% of people thought drink driving was unacceptable |
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Immigration and racism |
1945 fewer than 20,000 non white residents in the UK 1950s-1960s non white immigrants came from former British colonies in the Caribbean,Indian subcontinent and Africa. |
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What is the Windrush generation |
Early arrivals faced hostility and negative racial stereotyping in housing employment and services. 1956 survey showed only 1.5% of whites would be willing to let a room to a black tenant. |
