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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Focus of Community Oriented Policing |
Focus from just handling calls to addressing community needs.
Reduce and prevent crime by increasing interaction and cooperation between law enforcement and neighborhoods. |
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How did the "Newark Foot Patrol Study" of 1978 perceive crime |
Residents felt that crime was less of a problem where officers patrolled by cars. Felt safer and less likely to be victimized. Took fewer steps to protect themselves. Were more satisfied with police. |
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Difference between traditional model, and community oriented policing. |
Traditional focused on arrests, while community oriented policing focuses on absence of crime. |
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Purpose of Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment (SARA). |
Scanning identifies the problem. Analysis examines the nature of the problem. Response fashions solutions. Assessment evaluates the effectiveness. |
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Is Community Oriented Policing a top-down policy or a bottom-up policy? |
Bottom-up policy |
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What are the common elements of domestic violence? |
Sexual abuse Physical abuse Emotional abuse Psychological abuse Economic abuse |
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Identify the elements of 1st degree and 2nd degree burglary. |
1st degree burglary is when a person enters a building with the intent to commit a crime and has a weapon or threatens to use it. 2nd degree is when a person enters a building with intent to commit a crime. |
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Natural access control |
Walkways and landscaping that direct visitors to proper entrance. |
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Natural surveillance |
Doorways should be well lit and visible from the street |
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Territorial reinforcement |
Property lines should be defined by plantings, pavement, and or fences, street address should be visible from street and numbers at least 5 inches high. |
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Target hardening |
Deadbolt locks, door locks at least 40 inches from windows, all windows should be locked. |
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Three circumstances required for a perpetrator to commit a crime |
Victim, opportunity, lack of guardian |
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Broken Window Theory |
Explains the signaling function of a neighborhood that may nurture criminal activity such as, trash, abandoned vehicles, and deteriorating buildings. |
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Difference between "turf" graffiti and "tagging" graffiti. |
Turf graffiti is gang related. Tagging is seen as artistic and more intricate. |
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Gang code for homicide, and the significance of "13" |
"187" is California penal code for homicide.
"13" stands for the 13th letter of the alphabet which is "M" for Mexican mafia. |
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Robbery, aggravated robbery, and theft. |
Robbery is an act of unlawfully taking the property of another, with the threat of force, or use of force. Aggravated robbery is unlawfully taking property of another, and causing bodily harm with use of force. Theft is taking something from a store without a use of force or threat of force. |
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The requirement for a successful investigation |
If all available information relevant and material to the issues or allegations of the case are uncovered. |
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Evidence |
Anything that assists in providing or disproving a fact. |
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Proof beyond a reasonable doubt |
Criminal trial, responsibility of the prosecutor, proof the accused committed the crime without doubt. |
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Preponderance of the evidence |
Civil case, and is based on the more convincing evidence. |
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Probable cause |
Enough proof to a reasonable person that a crime has been committed. |
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Responsibility of the first responding officer |
Secure scene caring for the injured apprehension of the offender(s) securing and protection locating witnesses interviewing complainant and witnesses annotate all conditions report incident fully and accurately yield responsibility to detectives |
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What should be done with the witnesses and suspects at a crime scene. |
If suspect is still at the scene they should be detained and removed from the area ASAP. If suspect is apprehended near the area of the crime scene, he should not be returned to the scene. Witnesses should be separated. |
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Dying declaration |
Considered credible and trustworthy evidence based upon the general belief that most people who know they are about to die would not lie, and a police officer must be present to hear the declaration. |
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Where should the command post be in relation to a crime scene |
Command post should never be set up inside the boundaries of the crime scene. |
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Criteria the judge needs before issuing a search warrant |
Probable cause |
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Who can grant a "consent" to search a dwelling |
Must be a person who has legal care, custody, and control of the property or location. |
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Sequence an investigator follows when investigating a crime scene |
Search warrant walk through photographs crime scene search |
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Types of search methods used to investigate a violent crime scene. |
Strip method- rectangle Grid method- two parallel search patterns Zone search- divide scene into quadrants Spiral search- either inward or outward Wheel search- similar to spiral |
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Who is responsible for packaging and marking evidence found |
The officer that collects the evidence. |
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Individual characteristics |
Evidence that is unique to a given object and sets it apart from other objects. |
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Class characteristics |
Those traits of evidence that cannot be traced back to an individual (size, shape, color, manufacturing patterns, taxonomic classifications, and tool marks). |
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Physical evidence |
Evidence you can touch and feel |
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Associative evidence |
Any evidence that directs a suspect to a crime scene, via transfer. |
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Trace evidence |
Every person at a crime scene is going to leave some form of trace evidence, usually invisible to the naked eye. |
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Latent prints |
Invisible, caused by the natural oils and perspiration between your fingerprint ridges being transferred to the surfaces that are touched. |
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Visible prints |
Result when friction edges are coated with a material that is transferred to another surface (blood). |
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Plastic prints |
Caused by fingers coming in contact with a softer surface and leaves a three dimensional impression into the receiving surface. |
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Tennessee v. Garner |
Use of force issues |
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Graham v. Conner |
Use of force issues |
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New York v. Belton |
Vehicle stops and searches |
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Miranda v. Arizona |
Confessions and Admissions, and Right to counsel. |
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Arizona v. Gant |
Search after arrest |
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Gideon v Wainwright |
Right to Counsel |
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Chimel v. California |
Exclusionary Rule |
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Michigan Department of State Police v. Spitz |
Road Blocks |
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Terry v. Ohio |
Stop and Frisk |
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Illinois v. Gates |
Probable Cause |
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Weeks v. United States |
Exclusionary Rule |
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Brown v. Mississippi |
Confessions and Admissions |
