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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is credited with thefirst organized police force in London ?
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Sir Robert Peel |
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What year was the first formalpolice department in the U.S. was created?
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1838 in Boston |
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Areas where a lot of crime is occuring |
Hot Spots |
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What are the issues with technology for police? |
-Racial profiling
-LPR can be a violation of privacy -DNA collection from discarded items -Potential misuse of large governmental databases of info |
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How many arrests does an officer make in a month? |
Average officer makes less than two arrests per month |
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A division of a law enforcement agency that investigates incidents and possible suspicions of law-breaking and professional misconduct to officers on the force |
Internal affairs unit |
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Institutions set up by cities or police departments that employ civilian review of complaints against police officers |
Civilian Review Board (CBRs) |
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The use of personal decision making and choice in carrying operations in the criminal justice system |
Police discretion |
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What influences police discretion? |
-Policing style -Legal factors -Environmental factors -Departmental factors -Peer factors -Situational factors -Extra legal factors |
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What are the policing styles? |
-The crime fighter -The social agent -The law enforcer -The watchman |
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Those who aggressively use their police powers for personal gain |
Meat eaters |
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Those who accept the payoffs that the happenstances of police work throw their way |
Grass eaters |
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What are the sources of corruption for police? |
-Internal corruption -Selective enforcement or non enforcement -Active criminality -Bribery and extortion |
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About how many people are killed by officers each year? |
350-400 |
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About how many people haveforce used or threated against them by police?
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1.4% |
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Threatening an officer or raising a weapon to have police shoot |
Suicide by cop |
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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial |
Exclusionary rule |
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A legal metaphor in the United States used to describe evidence that is obtained illegally |
Fruit of the poisonous tree |
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Technology used by the police |
- Crime mapping -License Plate Recognition Technology (LPR) -Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) -DNA Profiling |
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What are the three prong approach detectives use? |
-Specific focus -General coverage -Informative |
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What are the branches of typical police organization? |
-Patrol -Investigation -Service -Administration |
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What are the purposes of patrol? |
-Deterrence -Maintain public order -Quick response -Help others -Traffic issues |
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Circumstances in which a warrantless search isallowed by police
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-Incident to a valid arrest -Stop and frisk -Automobile search -Plain view search -Consent search -Exigent circumstance |
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Can police use coercion to obtain a confession? |
No. The 5th Amendment prohibits law enforcement from using physical or psychological coercions to obtain a confession |
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What circumstances a suspect can waive under Miranda rights? |
-Have to be competent and sign a form -Warning must be issued -Must be aware that they are waiving their rights |
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What are the 2 components that must be present before deadly force can be used? |
-To prevent escape -When the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to officers or others |
