Corpsman Manual Chapter 18 Pharmacy

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Is the science dealing with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of medications.

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Pharmacology

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Branch of pharmacology dealing with the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of medications

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Pharmacy

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Is the study of dosages of medicines and medications

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Posology

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Is the study of the action or effects of medications on living organisms

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Pharmacodynamics

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Is the study of the uses of medications in the treatment of disease

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Pharmacotherapeutics

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Known as the "Blue bible of pharmacology"

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Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy

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Referred as the normal adult dose, the usual dose, or average dose

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Therapeutic dose

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Is the least amount of medication that can produce death

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Minimum lethal dose

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Most common factor that influences the amount of medication to be given

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Age

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Rule governing calculation of pediatric doses

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Young's rule

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The most common method of administrating medications

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Oral

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Medications administered by placing them under the tongue

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Sublingual

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Medications administered by placing them between the cheek and gum

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Buccal

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Medications are introduced by injection

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Parenteral

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Methods of Parenteral Administration

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Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intramuscular, Intravenous

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The process by which a medication is changed from a liquid or solid to a gas or vapor by the use of heat

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Vaporization

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The process by which a medication is converted into a fine spray by the use of compressed gas

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Nebulization

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Rights of medication administration

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Right patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation

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Medication Nomenclature

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Chemical name, Generic name(common name of medication), Brand name

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Medications that cause shrinkage of the skin and mucous membranes. Mainly used to stop seepage, weeping, or discharge from mucous membranes

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Astrigents

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Bland or fatty substances that may be applied to the skin to make it more pliable and soft

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Emollients: Theobroma oil (Cocoa butter) Petrolatum ( Petroleum jelly) Zinc Oxide

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These agents assist in the removal of secretions or exudates from the trachea, bronchi, or lungs

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Expectorants (bronchomucotropic)

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Agents that inhibit or suppress the act of coughing

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Antitussives

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Helps in the prevention of motion sickness

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Dimenhydrinate (Dramanine) (Antihistamines)

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Given as a nightime sleep aid and treatment of motion sickness

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Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl)

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Historically, one of the first antiseptic agents used. It is the standard by which all other antiseptic, disinfectant, and germicidal agents are measured in effectiveness.

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Phenol (carbolic acid)

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is a germicide and routinely used to cleanse pus-producing wounds and in the treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) also known as trench mouth.

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Hydrogen Peroxide

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were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be available in safe therapeutic dosage ranges

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Sulfonamides

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is one of the most important antibiotics. It is derived from a number of Penicillium molds commonly found on breads and fruits.

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Penicillins

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is used to treat conditions such as shigella, salmonella, escherichia coli, and gonorrhea.

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Ampicillin

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is indicated for susceptible infection such as meningococcal meningitis, anthrax, and gonorrhea.

(IV only)

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Penicillin G, Aqueous

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were the first truly broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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Tetracyclines

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should not be administered with milk, milk products, antacids or iron preparations; they combine with metal ions to form non-absorbable compounds.

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Tetracyclines

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All are similar to penicillin in their antibacterial spectra and are often used in patients who are sensitive to penicillin.

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Macrolides

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one of the drugs of choice when penicillin is contraindicated. This medication is indicated to treat medical conditions such as gonorrhea; uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, and anal infections;

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Erythromycin

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is primarily used to treat candidal infections.

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Nystatin (Mycostatin®)

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is the drug of choice in treating acute malarial attacks. It is used in the prevention and suppression of malaria in endemic areas.

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Chloroquine phosphate

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is the drug of choice for the prevention or relapse of malaria caused by

P.vivax and P.ovale. It is contraindicated in G-6-PD-deficient personnel, as it may result in hemolytic anemia.

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Primaquine phosphate

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is still the most economical analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent available.

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Aspirin (ASA, Ecotrin®)

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produce constriction of the blood vessels with consequent rise in blood pressure.

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Vasoconstrictors

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The fat-soluble vitamins

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A,D,E,K

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is a fat-soluble vitamin is necessary for visual adaptation to darkness.

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Vitamin A (Retinol)

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is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for the prevention and cure of scurvy

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Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

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is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorous metabolism.

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Vitamin D

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produce loss of sensation to pain in a specific area or locality of the body, without loss of consciousness or mental capacity.

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Local anesthetics

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is the standard to which all other anesthetics are compared.

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Lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine®)

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are aromatic, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions containing medicinal substances.

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ELIXIRS

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are coarse dispersions comprised of finely divided insoluble material suspended in a liquid medium.

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SUSPENSIONS

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is any condition which makes a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable.

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Contraindication

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may occur when a medication, administered in a dose appropriate for human prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy, has an unintended and harmful effect on the patient receiving it.

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Adverse medication reactions

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The most important tool used by the pharmacy is the

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prescription

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DD Form 1289

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DoD Prescription

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NAVMED 6710/6

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Polyprescription

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used extensively for outpatient prescriptions.

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DD Form 1289

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is available for up to four prescriptions for one patient to be written together

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Polyprescription

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is that part of the prescription that lists the name and quantity of the medication to be used

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INSCRIPTION

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"Rx" means "take" or "take thou" or, in effect, "I want this patient to have the following medication."

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SUPERSCRIPTION

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is the part of the prescription that gives the directions for the patient

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SIGNA

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is that part of the prescription that gives directions to the compounder.

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SUBSCRIPTION

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Substances that have high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Examples include heroin, marijuana, and LSD.

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Schedule I

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Substances that have high abuse potential and severe psychological and/or physical dependence liability. Examples include narcotics, amphetamines, and barbiturates.

never to be ordered with refills and in most cases must be filled within 7 days of the date originally written.

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Schedule II

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Prescriptions must be filled within 30 days of the date written and may be refilled up to five times within 6 months

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Schedule III ,

Schedule IV ,

Schedule V