Connective Tissue

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Connective tissues extracellular matrix

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The material located between its widely spaced self, it consists of protein fibers and ground substance, the material between the cells and the fibers. the extracellular fibers are secreted by the connective tissues cells and account for many of the functional properties of the tissue in addition to controlling the surrounding watery environment via specific proteoglycan molecules

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Mesenchymal

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Embryonic cells that give rise to cells of connective tissues

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fibroblasts

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Large flat cells with branching processes. They are present in all the general connective tissues, and usually are the most numerous. Fibroblasts migrate through the connective tissues, secreting the fibers and certain components of the ground substance of the extracellular matrix

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Macrophages

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Develop from monocytes, a type of white blood cell. They have an irregular shape with short branching projections and are capable of engulfing bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis

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Plasma cells

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Small cells that develop from a type of white blood cell called a B lymphocyte . plasma cells secrete antibodies, proteins that attack or neutralize foreign substances in the body

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Mast cells

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Are abundant alongside the blood vessels that supply connective tissue. They produced histamine, a chemical that dialates small blood vessels as part of the inflammatory response, the body's reaction to injury or infection. In addition, researchers have recently discovered that mast cells can bind to, ingest, and kill bacteria

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Adipocytes

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Also called fat cells or adipose cells, are connective tissue cells that store triglycerides. They are found deep to the skin and around organs such as the heart and kidneys.

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White blood cells

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White blood cells are not found in significant numbers in normal connective tissues. However, in response to certain conditions they migrate from blood into connective tissues. For example neutrophils gather at sites of infection, and eosinophils migrate to sites of parasitic invasions and allergic responses

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Ground substance

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Is a component of a connective tissue between the cells and fibers. The ground substance may be fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, or calcified. It supports cells, binds them together, stores water, and provides a medium for exchange of substances between the blood and cells. It plays an active role and how to choose develop, my great, proliferate, and change shape, and in how they carry out their metabolic functions

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Hyaluronic acid

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A viscous, slippery substance that binds cells together, lubricates joints, and helps maintain the shape of the eyeballs

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chondroitin sulfate

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Provide support and that he said penis in cartilage, bone, skin, and blood vessels.

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Collagen fibers

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Are very strong and resistant to pulling forces, but they are not if, which allows tissue flexibility. The properties of different types of collagen fibers vary from kiss you - tissue. For example the collagen fibers found in cartilage and bone form different associations with surrounding molecules

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Elastic fibers

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Are smaller in diameter than collagen fibers, branch and join together to form a fibrous network within a connective tissue. And elastic fiber consist of molecules of the protein elastin surrounded by a glycoprotein called to Brooklyn, which adds strength and stability. Because of their unique molecular structure, elastic fibers are strong but can be stretched a hundred fifty percent of their relaxed length without breaking and have the ability to return to their original shape.

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Reticular fibers

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Consisting of collagen arranged in fine bundles with a coating of glycoprotein, provide support in the walls of blood vessels and form a network around the cells in some tissues, such as areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, nerve fibers, and smooth muscle tissue. Produced by fibroblasts, these fibers are much better than collagen fibers and form branching networks.

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Mesenchyme

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Irregularly shaped mesenchymal cells embedded in semi fluid ground substance that contains delicate reticular fibers

location - almost exclusively under skin and along developing bones of embryo, some an adult connective tissue, especially along blood vessels.

Function - forms almost all other types of connective tissue

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Mucous connective tissue

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Widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in viscous, jelly-like ground substance that contains fine collagen fibers

location - umbilical cord of fetus

function - support

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Areolar connective tissue

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One of the most widely distributed connective tissues, consists of fibers arranged randomly and several kinds of cells embedded in semifluid ground substance

Location - in and around nearly every body structure, in subcutaneous layer deep Tuscon, papillary region of dermis of the skin, lamina propria of mucous membranes, and blood vessels, nerves, and body organs.

function - strength elasticity and support

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Adipose tissue

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has cells derived from fibroblasts called adipocytes that are specialized for storage of triglycerides as a large, centrally located droplet. Cell fills up with a single, triglyceride droplet, and cytoplasm and nucleus are pushed to periphery of cell

Location - wherever areolar connective tissue is located, subcutaneous layer deep to skin, around heart and kidneys, yellow bone marrow, padding around joints and behind eye ball in the socket

Function - reduces heat loss through skin, as an energy reserve, supports and protects organs. In newborn bat generate heat to maintain proper body temperature

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Reticular connective tissue

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location - stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow, reticular lamina of basement membrane, around the blood vessels in muscles

Find interlacing network of reticular fibers and reticular cells location - stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow, reticular lamina of basement membrane, around the blood vessels in muscles function - forms stroma of organs, binds smooth muscle tissue cells, filters and remove worn out blood cells in spleen and microbes in lymph nodes

function - forms stroma of organs, binds smooth muscle tissue cells, filters and remove worn out blood cells in spleen and microbes in lymph nodes

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dense regular connective tissue

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Shiny white extracellular matrix, mainly collagen fibers regularly arranged in bundles with fibroblasts and rose between bundle. Collagen fibers are not living so damaged tendons and ligaments heal very slowly

location - forms tendons, most ligaments, and aponeiroses

Function - provides strong attachment between various structures. Tissue structure withstands pulling along Long access of fibers.

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Dense irregular connective tissue

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Collagen fibers, usually irregularly arranged with few fibroblasts

location - often occurs in sheets, such as fasciae, reticular region of dermis of skin, fibrous pericardium of heart, periosteum I've been, perichondrium of cartilage, joint capsule, membrane capsules around various organs, also in heart valves

function - provide tensile strength in many directions

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Elastic connective tissue

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predominantly elastic fibers with fibroblasts between fibers, unstrained tissue is yellowish

Location - lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, true vocal cords, suspensory ligaments of penis, some ligaments between vertebrae,

function - allows stretching of various organs, is strong and can require oil to the original shape after being stretched. Elasticity is important to normal functioning of lung tissue and elastic arteries

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Hyaline cartilage

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Contains a resilient gel as ground substance and appears in the body as bluish-white, shiny substance. Fine collagen fibers are not visible with ordinary training techniques, prominent chondrocytes are found in lacunae surrounded by perichondrium

location - most abundant cartilage in body, at ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose, parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, embryonic and fetal skeleton

function - provide smooth surfaces for movement at joints, flexibility, and support, weakest type of cartilage

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Fibrocartilage

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Chondrocytes scattered among clearly visible thick bundles of collagen fibers with an extracellular matrix, lacks perichondrium

location - pubic synthesis, intervertebral discs, mini sky of knee, portions of tendons that insert into cartilage function - support in joining structures together. Strength and rigidity make it the strongest type of cartilage

function - support in joining structures together. Strength and rigidity make it the strongest type of cartilage

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Elastic cartilage

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Chondrocytes in threadlike network of elastic fibers with an extracellular matrix, perichondrium present

location - lid on top of larynx, part of external ear, auditory tube

function - provide strength and elasticity, maintains shape of certain structures

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Periosteum

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Red and yellow bone marrow

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Endosteum

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Hey membrane that lines a space within phone that stores yellow bone marrow

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lamellae

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Concentric rings of extracellular matrix that consists of mineral salts mostly calcium and phosphate, which give bone its hardness and compressive strength, and collagen fibers, which give bone its tensile strength. they are responsible for the compact nature of this type of bone tissue

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Lacunae

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Small spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone cells called osteocytes

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Canaliculi

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Networks of minut canals containing the processes of osteocytes, they provide routes for nutrients to reach osteocytes and for waste to leave them

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Haversian or central now

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Contains blood vessels and nerves

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Bone tissue

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Compact bone tissue consists of ASEAN that contain lamellae, and Khun a, osteocytes, canaliculi, and central Haversian canals. By contrast spongy bone tissue consists of in columns called trabuculae , spaces between trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow

location - both compact and spongy bone tissue make up the various parts of bones of the body

function - support, protection, storage, houses blood forming tissue, serves as levers that act with muscle tissue to enable movement

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Spongy bone

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Lacks osteons. Rather it consists of columns of bone called trabeculae, which contain lamellae, osteocyte, lacunae, and canaliculi. spaces between trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow

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Blood plasma

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a pale yellow fluid that consists mostly of water with a wide variety of dissolved substances - nutrients, wastes, enzymes, plasma proteins, hormones, respiratory gases, and ions

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Formed elements

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Red blood cells or erythrocytes, white blood cells or leukocytes, and platelets or thrombocytes.

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Blood tissue

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Blood plasma and formed elements, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

location - within blood vessels and chambers of heart

function red blood cells transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide, white blood cells carry on phagocytosis and mediate allergic reactions and immune system responses, platelets are essential for blood clotting

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Lymph

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An extracellular fluid that flows in lymphatic vessels. It is a connective tissue that consists of several types of cells and clear liquid extracellular matrix that is similar to blood plasma but with much less protein