Magnesium Essay

Improved Essays
2.4.1 Magnesium Properties

Magnesium is the essential to human body and naturally it is found in bone and it is the fourth cation in human body. Magnesium is a lightweight metal with a density of 1.74 g/cm3. The fracture toughness of magnesium are greater than the ceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite. Elastic modulus and compressive yield strength of magnesium are similarly to human bone. The disadvantages of magnesium is it has low corrosion resistance and stimulatory effects on the growth of bone tissues (Mark P.Staiger et al., 2006).
Table 2.7: Physical properties of pure magnesium (International Magnesium Association, 1943)
Physical Properties Value
Density (g/cm3) 1.74
Specific Gravity 1.7
Atomic Radius (nm) 0.160
Melting Point
…show more content…
Hydroxyapatite is the major calcium phosphate bioceramics. It improves the properties and performance of HA when implantation is happen. The characteristics of HA is it has a poor mechanical properties such as strength and fatigue resistance. The major limitation of HA is, it is restricted to be used in load bearing area due to it brittleness (Siwar Sakka et al., 2013). The major problem of synthetic HA is it has low mechanical strength, comparatively poor biological properties and inappropriate degradation rate due to failure in bone regeneration. Synthetic HA face two challenges in the orthopedic application such as poor osteogenic properties if compare to the natural bone and it also have limited angiogenesis in the bone graft. To solve this problems, HA must incorporated with different elements such as sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), potassium (K), zinc (Zn) to be doped with HA. By doping there is slight changes in lattice parameters and volume of HA (Senthilguru kulanthaivel et al., 2015). Figure 2.7 represent the crystalline hydroxyapatite structure perpendicular to c and a …show more content…
It is widely used in various biomedical applications and it is present in bone and primarily serve as structural protein of extracellular matrics. The tissues regeneration are often limited by their poor mechanical properties where it can be improved by included the hydroxyapatite compound. The combination of this properties between natural polymer and bioactive ceramic materials make the bone regeneration done smoothly (Maddela Swetha et al., 2010). Collagen is the major components of extracellular matrix such as tendons, ligaments and skin. The biocomposites of hydroxyapatite/collagen are inadequate so magnesium will be used as a doping to improve the mechanical and physical properties of bone in biomedical fields (Nebahat Degirmenbasi et al., 2006). The collagen have good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, non-antigenic and biodegradable that make this collagen are prefer to be used in variety of biomedical applications. It is also osteoconductive agent and haemostatic. The collagen are classified based on their molecules sequences where 27 distinct type with least 42 polypeptide chains of collagen. Mostly, the collagen that present in connective tissues is type 1 which are composed of two α1(1) chains and one α2(1) chain in the form of a triple helix pattern with fiber diameter of about 50nm. Collagen are composed of three polypeptide chains (α

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    Magnesium is the most critical mineral required for the electrical stability of every single cell in our bodies. Are you beginning to grasp the importance of this mineral? One thing is for sure, we do not get enough of this vital mineral in our diet. Even if you’re careful to eat a diet filled with vegetables and whole grains, the soil in which our food is grown has also become deficient in magnesium over recent years. In turn, this makes it even more difficult to receive the needed magnesium when the foods you should eat, also contains insufficient magnesium.…

    • 1425 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Abstract: In this lab our main objective is to find the empirical formula of MgO, magnesium oxide. To do this first we have to make sure when we burn Mg in the crucible and it reacts to with O. This lab experiment Mg is complicated by another factor. Mg is so reactive that it reacts with N in the air so some of the Mg which is suppose to react with O will react will N instead.…

    • 1338 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    P2 Task two Tissues The tissues are structures formed by a group of billion of cells with a similar structure. A group of cells together form tissues, tissues from organs and organs are form system organs. There are four different types of basic animal tissue: 1) Epithelial Tissue: This tissue is formed of one or a few layers of cells adhere to a basement membrane.…

    • 881 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Decent Essays

    About magnesium chloride. Magnesium Chloride is also known as the “master Magnesium compound“. Magnesium chloride is named with the formula MgCl2. Being an ionic halide; it is highly soluble in water. This compound can be extracted from brine or sea water.…

    • 275 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Specialised Nerve Impulses

    • 1731 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Neurons Neurons are specialised nerve cells that create and generate nerve impulses; the neurons are made up of dendrites, cell body and an axon. What are dendrites responsible for? Dendrites are branching projections that receive messages (impulses) from other neurons. What are axons responsible for?…

    • 1731 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Boron Research Paper

    • 309 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The element boron, not to be confused with Borax or boric acid, is an essential trace mineral for human health, helping to strengthen bones, increase absorption of other minerals, and to regulate the sex hormones in both men and women. Intake of boron helps the body absorb and utilize other minerals by interacting with steroid hormones. Boron is important for bone growth and maintenance as it reduces the urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium. The boron vertebrate transporter helps these substances deposit within the bones rather than being excreted as waste. Higher levels of magnesium and calcium help prevent osteogenesis, or brittle bones (that can break easily,) which is especially important in postmenopausal women and older men, as a deficiency in these minerals has a negative effect on bone strength and regeneration.…

    • 309 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Funny Bones Research Paper

    • 1596 Words
    • 7 Pages

    To start, calcium is perhaps the most commonly linked component to higher bone density, and with just cause. Calcium is a versatile and important element. Connie Weaver, a member of the Institute of Medicine, explains, "Calcium is very critical for every body function-without it, your muscles won't contract and your nerves won't send messages. You either provide calcium through your diet or your body will strip it from your bone tissue. If your body robs the bones, they will weaken and break" ("Calcium Moves Front and Center").…

    • 1596 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Red Bone Research Paper

    • 608 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Allows bone to growth in thickness, protects the bone, assists in fracture repair, nourishes bone, and its attachment point for…

    • 608 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Ultimate Nails

    • 671 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Right Foods For The Ultimate Nails You may not have realized just how close a relationship your nails have with your bones. In fact, they’re so closely related, that the health of your fingernails is an inside look to your bone condition. Your diet plays a vital role in the strength of your nails and bones. Let’s take a look at the best six foods that help to build strong nails and bones.…

    • 671 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Osteoporosis Research Paper

    • 3113 Words
    • 13 Pages

    Osteoporosis, otherwise known as porous bone, is characterized by a decrease in bone density as well as depreciation of bone tissue. Due to these conditions, there is an increased risk of bone breakages and fractures of the hip, spine, and the wrist. Both men and women are susceptible to osteoporosis; however, several preventative methods and treatments are currently out there. Here in the United States, approximately 40 million people are affected by the disease or have a higher susceptibility to the disease.…

    • 3113 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    This means that sometimes the body might fail to form enough new bone or too much old bone is being reabsorbed. There are two essential minerals for bone formation and those are calcium and phosphate. To keep the heart and brain functioning correctly, you have to have calcium and the body reabsorbs calcium that is stored in the bones to maintain blood calcium levels. If the body does not absorb enough calcium, bone production and bone tissue may suffer. If all that happens, the bones may become weaker, resulting in brittle and fragile bones that can break easily.…

    • 567 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Titanium is vital in my everyday uses for instance my newly purchased wallet, Apple laptop that I use for school and the golf cart I drive around the park. Dentist use titanium for patients who receive teeth implants. Titanium powder when inhaled too much by dust inhalation in most cases causes excessive coughing, breathing complications, and chest agony. Second Mineral: My second choice is nickel.…

    • 252 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Osteoporosis Disease

    • 508 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Osteoporosis One disease of the bones that affects over 1 million Australians is osteoporosis. This bone-thinning disease greatly increases the risk of fractures and occurs when the “…ratio of bone formation to bone break- down…” becomes out of balance, triggering osteoblast activity to slow down (Whitney, Rady Rolfes, Crow, Cameron-smith & Walsh, 2014, p. 199). Affected bones rapidly lose important minerals, such as calcium, rendering them ineffective in replacing these important minerals (Whitney et al., 2014, p. 199). Therefore, the affected bones, in particular, the most common the hip, spine, and wrist, become thin, weak, and brittle (Figure 1). Figure 1: The construction of an osteoporosis bone on the left compared with that of a normal…

    • 508 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Tensile Strength (MPa) Calcium Phosphate 40 (117) 510 (896) 69 (193) The major drawbacks to the use of ceramics as implants are depend on the brittleness and poor tensile properties as shown in Table 2.2. The mechanical properties of calcium phosphates make improper used as load-bearing implants. The young modulus for calcium phosphate is 117GPa.…

    • 1149 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Vitamins and minerals are both essential nutrients that are needed by the body. Different from the macronutrients, they are said to be micronutrients by meaning that they are needed only in small amounts. Nevertheless, we should not forget about their essentiality and their importance in our daily diet1. There are two types of vitamins, fat-soluble and water-soluble.…

    • 1113 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays