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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION?
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Axo-axonic synapse that reduces the mebrane permeability to Ca2+ by release of GABA. This results in a reduction in NT release.
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How is an IPSP created?
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Membrane permeability to Cl- and K+ is increased, causing hyperpolarization that makes AP generation more difficult.
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What are the zones of the brain?
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Forebrain - telencephalon, diencephalon
Midbrain - mesencephalon Hindbrain - metencephalon, myencephalon |
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What comprises the TELENCEPHALON?
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Cerebrum, basal ganglia
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What comprises the DIENCEPHALON?
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Thalamus, hypothalamus
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What comprises the BRAINSTEM?
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Midbrain, pons, medulla
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What type of matter comprises the CEREBRAL CORTEX?
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Gray matter
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Functionally describe the cerebral cortex
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- Destination of sensory info
- Source of voluntary motor commands - Where the "action happens" |
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What do the basal ganglia do?
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- Gray matter
- Control movement along with cerebellum: - INHIBIT muscle tone - 'filter' movement commands - posture/support - MODIFY ongoing action; do not innervate muscles |
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How does PARKINSON'S DISEASE relate to the basal ganglia?
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Basal ganglia receive insufficient dopamine; cannot properly exert their influence
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What does the thalamus do?
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- Gray matter
- Relays sensory information EXCEPT OLFACTION - Modifies (+ reinforcement) motor commands from cortex |
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What does the hypothalamus do?
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- Gray matter
- Contorl of BODY TEMP - Control of THIRST/URINE - Control of HUNGER - Control of ANT. PIT secretion - Production of POST. PIT secretions - Uterine contraction, milk - Autonomic control: smooth/cardiac muscle, exocrine glands - Emotion/behaviour |
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What does the corpus callosum do?
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Communication between the hemispheres
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What do the midbrain/pons/medulla do?
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- White matter
- Tracts carry info - Nuclei responsible for cranial nerve function |
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What is the reticular formation?
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- Neurons forming the core of the brainstem
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What is the ASCENDING reticular formation?
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HIGHER cortical functions; ie, generate/maintain arousal and consciousness
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What is the DESCENDING reticular formation?
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Muscle tone generation/maintenance
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What is the MEDULLA?
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Respiratory/cardiovascular centres
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How many, and what are the different parts of the spinal cord?
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- 31 total
- 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal - Thoracic/lumbar regions enlarged for arms/legs |
