Chs Apush Ch. 26

Front 1

Reservation System

Back 1

Boundaries for the territory of each Native American tribe that attempted to separate the Indians into two great "colonies" to the north and south of a corridor of intended white settlement.

Front 2

Battle of the Little Bighorn

Back 2

One of the few Indian triumphs in the plain's wars. Fought in the Black Hills of South Dakota (which was part of the Sioux reservation at the time), General Custer led his gold-seeking army into battle against the Sioux who was assisted by the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians.

Front 3

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Back 3

Signed in 1868, this treaty granted the Sioux tribes ownership of the "Great Sioux reservation". However, the treaty was broken when General Custer discovered gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

Front 4

Chief Joseph

Back 4

Leader of the Nez Perce Indians; he led approximately 700 Indians on a three month journey hoping to reach Canada and Sitting Bull. He, along with the other 700 Indians, were caught and sent to a reservation in Kansas.

Front 5

Geronimo

Back 5

Leader of the Apache Indians; he and his fellow Apaches surrendered after being chased to Mexico and having their women exiled to Florida. They eventually became successful at farming in Oklahoma.

Front 6

Buffalo

Back 6

The source of life for the Plains Indians. Numbers went from tens of millions when white men first arrived, to 15 million in 1865, to less than 1,000 by 1885.

Front 7

Helen Hunt Jackson

Back 7

Wrote two novels- "A Century of Dishonor" and "Ramona" that ignited sympathy for the Native Americans among whites.

Front 8

Christian Reformers

Back 8

They believed Native Americans should conform to the white's way of life and would withhold food in reservations to make the Indians surrender their tribal religions.

Front 9

Carlisle Indian School

Back 9

Founded by the government in 1897 in Pennsylvania. It forced Indian children to learn the customs and values of whites and conform to them.

Front 10

Indian Reorganization Act

Back 10

Also known as the "Indian New Deal"; it was established in 1934, and it slowly increased the Native American population and attempted to return the Indians to their original way of life.

Front 11

"Fifty-niners"

Back 11

Fortune-seekers who looked for riches in the Rocky Mountains and Nevada. Also called "Pikes Peakers".

Front 12

Comstock Lode

Back 12

Discovered in Nevada; it produced over $340 million in gold and silver.

Front 13

Hellorados

Back 13

Boomtowns that sprung up from the gold mining era.

Front 14

Silver Senators

Back 14

Advocated for silver miners in the west

Front 15

"Long Drive"

Back 15

The route taken to transport cattle to slaughter houses. It proved profitable, but it contained many dangers such as Indians, stampedes, and cattle fever.

Front 16

Sodbusters

Back 16

Settlers that profited from breaking through the tough western soil with heavy iron plows pulled by oxen.

Front 17

Dry Farming

Back 17

Shallow farming that proved to be an easier way to deal with the drought. It was later a large contributing factor to the Dust Bowl.

Front 18

Sooners

Back 18

Illegal settlers in the formerly Indian occupied Oklahoma Territory who had to be evacuated by federal troops to make room for "boomers".

Front 19

Cash Crops

Back 19

The cultivation of wheat and corn to use the profits to purchase food and manufactured goods.

Front 20

Coin's Financial School

Back 20

A popular pamphlet written by William Hope Harvey that advocated the free coinage of silver. It strengthened the Populist's cause.

Front 21

Gold Bugs

Back 21

Term used to describe those who were against the unlimited coinage of silver and preferred the traditional form of money.

Front 22

Battle of Wounded Knee

Back 22

A war/massacre fought to squash the Native American ritual of the "Ghost Dance". It resulted in the deaths of two hundred Indians including men, women, and children.

Front 23

Dawes Severalty Act

Back 23

Established in 1887, this act was made to conform the Indian to the American way of life. It illegalized many tribes, and took land ownership of tribes, all in exchange for 160 acres of land to Indian families and the promise of full citizenship in twenty-five years if they conformed and acted accordingly.

Front 24

Mining Industry

Back 24

The replacement of individual miners with corporations that had machines to mine for them.

Front 25

Homestead Act

Back 25

Gave farmers 160 acres of land to settle in the west. They had to live on and improve the land for five years and pay an initial fee of thirty dollars.

Front 26

Mechanization of Agriculture

Back 26

The transition from small-scale to large-scale farming that came with new, expensive machinery. Many of these modern farmers could not sustain this costly new business and were forced to close their farms.

Front 27

Populists

Back 27

Also known as the People's party, this new political party was largely comprised of frustrated and financially struggling farmers. They advocated for nationalizing railroads, telephone, and telegraph, a graduated income tax, and the creation of a federal "subtreasury" for farmers to get loans for crops stored in federal warehouses. On their agenda was also the free coinage of silver.

Front 28

Pullman Strike

Back 28

Occurred in Chicago in 1894. Workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company retaliated against the cutting of wages by 1/3 due to the depression by sabotaging railway traffic. They were stopped by federal troops.

Front 29

Fourth Party System

Back 29

The political era of reduced election participation and interest by voters, the weakening of party organizations, and the progressive irrelevance of big issues such as money and civil-service reform.

Front 30

The Gold Standard Act

Back 30

Established in 1900 and accompanied by recent prosperity, this act stated that paper currency could be redeemed in gold, officially denying the "silverite opposition".