Apush Vocab Chapter 26

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Helen Hunt Jackson

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"A century of Dishonor" 1881. wrote the first detailed describtion of the government's treatment of native americans in the west; Findings shocked the nation of the government's broken promises; it served as a trigger for reform; *Idea that "Indians must be helped", it was a false justification for Americans actions

Front 2

Carlisle indian school

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Established 1879 in Pennsylvania. Founded by former indian killer; it was a boarding school situation. Designed to remove young natives from their indian culture and to reform and fashion them to be cizilized in american society

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Dawes (Severalty) Act of 1887

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1887; tailed to attack the center of the indian culture. Proviote land ownership on native american tribes; individual indians own land and citizenship--> undermined native identity. got rid of communal ownership of land.

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Ghost Dance Movement

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Dawes Act lead to a religious movement. 1889 this movement and indian name Wovoka said that the way to restore the Earth to the way it was before the whites came was to do the Ghost dance. It spread throughout tribes. It scared the white people. Emphasized cooperation with whites and equality among all.

Front 5

Wounded KNee Massacre

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1890: Soldiers in response to ghost dances attacked indians. last armed engagement of indians. (wars/confrontation) ended the Ghost Dance Movement

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Buffalo

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Staff of life for the Native americans. Their flesh provided food, their dung fuel, their hides provided clothing and harnessess. Killed by white bands of settlers

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Buffalo Soldier

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1/5 of all US army personnel on the frontier were African American, dubbed Buffalo SOldiers by the indians, supposidly because of their resemblance of their hair to the bison's furry coat.

Front 8

Long Drive

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Texas Cowboys-black white mexican- drove heard numbering from 1000 to 10000 slowly over the unfenced and undeveloped plains until they reach a railroad terminal.

Front 9

Homestead Act 1862

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the new law allowed a settler to aquire 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying $30

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Dry Farming

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In the wakr of the devestating drought, a new technique took root on the plains. Its methods of frequent shallow cultivation...lead to the dust bowls

Front 11

Barbed Wire

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Perfected by Joesph E. Glidden in 1874. solved the problem of how to build fences on the treeless praries

Front 12

Closing of the Frontier

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one of the most influencial essays about american history. Fredrick Jackson Turner;s the significance of the frontier in americas history in 1893. no more land! america was always based off of moving west, expanding. now theres no more land. now what?

Front 13

Farmers Alliances

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Texas 1870's came toether to socialize, but mainly to break the strangling grip of RR and manufactures through cooperative buying and selling. Allianced denied black's participation, so the blacks created their own. alliances disolved when the economy got better for them.

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People's/Popluist party

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these frustrated farmers, called to Wall Street to nationalize RR, telephone and telegraphs, graduated income tax, provided farmers with loans, and the unlimited and free coinage of silver

Front 15

Coxey's Army

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Marched in 1894 with supporters; his platform included a demand that the government relieve the unemployment by a public works program, legal tender notes to be issued. it was a protest march by unemployed workers from the US, led by populist Jacob Coxey. They marched on WA DC in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression

Front 16

Pullman Strike

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1894; Eugene Debs. RR hit hard by the depression, and cut wages by 1/3. workers finally sruck, some overturned the Pullman palace cars, which paralyzed railway traffic

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Election of 1896

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in the intensely fought1896 election and 1900 election, william jennings bryan was defeated by william mckinley but retained conrol of the democratic party. he promoted free silver in 1896

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Fredrick Remington

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He was an American Painter, illustrator, sculpter, and writer, who specialized in depictions of the "Old American West". he specifically concentrated on the last quarter of the 19tj century american west and images of cowboys, american indians, and the US Cavalry

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Turner Thesis

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the conclusion of fredrick jackson turner that the wellsprings of american exceptionalism and vitality have always been the american frontier. in the thesis, the frontier created freedom, constantly named as civilization, turner first announced his thesis in a paper entitled :The Significance of the frontier in american history"

Front 20

Sand Creek Massacre

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was an incident in the indian wars of the US that occured in november 1864 when colorado territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of cheyenne and arapaho encamped in southeastern colorade territory. around 150 cheyenne and arapaho men women and children were killed in sand creek. for than 700 american soldiers were involved

Front 21

Black Hills, South Dakota

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When gold rush swept the area, US government had to re-assign the local native americans to other reservations in western south dakota. sacred area for the natives-not happy about whites tearing it up for gold. and moving them.

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Little Bighorn

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also knwon as Custer's ast stand. it was an armed engagment between a lakota-northern cheyenne combined force and the 7th cavalry of the US army. it occured in June of 1876. the battle was the most famous action of the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 and was a remarkable victory for the Lakota, led by Sitting BUll, and Custer was defeated.

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Col. George Custer

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was a US army officer and cavalry commander in the american civil war and the indian wars. custer was defeated and killed in the battle of little bighorn of 1876 against a coalition of native american tribes (hence named Custer's last stand)

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Cheif Joseph

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was the cheif of the band of Nez Perce Indians during General Oliver Howards attempt to forcibly remove his band and the other "non treaty' indians to a reservation in idaho. for his principled resistance to the removal, he became reowned as a humanitarian and peacemaker

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Sitting Bull

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a Lajota Sioux holy man, and was killed by reservation police during an attempt to prevent him from supporting the Ghosy dance movement. he is notable in history for his role in the major victory at the battle of little bighorn against Custer in 1876

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Geronimo

Back 26

was a prominent native american leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against mexico and the US and their expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades. he became famous for his daring exploits and numerous escapes from capture from 1858 to 1886. associated with Guerilla Warfare

Front 27

Assimilation

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when an individual adopts some of all aspects of a dominant culture. cultural assimilation is a process of socialization. it can be a voluntary process, but can also sometimes be the result of involuntary politcal decisions. INDIANS ASSIMILATED INVOLUNTARILY INTO AMERICAN SOCIETY

Front 28

Comstock Law

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first major US deposite of silver ore. afer discovery was made public in 1859 prospectors rushed to the area and scrambled to stake their claims. mining camps soon thrived in the vicinity, which wecame bustling centers of fabulous wealth.

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Bonanzas

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Huge company farms that took over the west. pushed smaller farms to bankruptcy and off the map all together

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59 ers

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Pike's Peaker's --> Gold miners.

Front 31

George Catlin

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was an American painter, author and travelor who specialized in portaits of Native americans in the old west

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Grange Movement

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An organization for american farmers that encourages farm fammilies to band together for their common economic and political well-being. founded in 1867 after the civil war, Grange was an effective special intrest group for farmers and their agendas, including fighting RR monoplies and pushing for rural mail deliveries

Front 33

"Cross of Gold" Speech

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Delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic National convention in Chicago in July 1896. speech advocated bimetallism

Front 34

Bimetallism

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using two metals in the economy- gold and silver. can be very unstable. such a system effectivly establishes a fixed rate of exchange for the two metals

Front 35

William Jennings Bryan

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the Democratic Party nominee for the 1896 election. a peace advocate, a prohibitionist, and opponent of darwinism, and one of the most prominent leaders of Popilism in the late 19th and early 20th c. because of his faith in the goodness and rightness of the common people, he was called the "Great Commoner"

Front 36

Mark Hanna

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was an american industrialist and republican polition. he rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful McKinley, in the election of 1896, became one of the most powerful members of he US senate

Front 37

Front Porch Campaigns

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a low-key electoral campaign used in american politics in which the canidate remains close to or at home to make speeches to supporters who come visit. the canidate largely does not travel around or otherwise activly campaign, used by Mckinley in 1896 against Bryans

Front 38

Great american Desert

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a term used in the 19th century to describe the high plains east of the rocky mountians

Front 39

Gols standard act

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passed in 1900 and est gold as the only standard for redeeming paper money, stopping bimetallism. signed by McKinley

Front 40

Munn v. Illinois

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US Supreme Court case dealing with corporate rates and agriculture. the Munn case allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including RR. decided the 14th ammendment did not prevent the state of illinois from regulating charges for use of a business' grain elevators. the court's decision was that it could, if the provate company could be seen as a utility operating in the public interest.