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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Preclassical Criminology |
Crime was attributed to supernatural phenomenon Blood Feuding Holy Inquistion |
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Classical School of criminology |
-Offered the first naturalistic of explanation of crime -Provided the fundamental rationale for most western criminal codes |
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Cesare Beccaria |
-Wrote, "Crimes and Punishments." -Nullen Crimen Sine legen-No crime without law -"the essence of crime was harm to society |
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Deterrence Doctrine |
-Deterrence employs threats of punishments to influence behavior -Assumes that people are rational, that their behavior is a product of free will and that they are hedonistic. |
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Jeremy Bentham |
-Recognized as a criminal law reformer -He defined crime as an offense deterimental to the community - |
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First Appearance of Police |
The metropolian police act of 1829 |
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Incarnation was inhumane |
-Gaols -Hulks |
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Three criteria related to punishment |
Certainity-Most important element of punishment Severity-Sometimes can be criminogenic Celerity-No evidence |
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Absolute deterrence |
An individual that entirely refrains from criminal act out of fear of legal sanction
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Marginal/Restrictive Deterrence |
The threat of sanctions results in a decrease in law violations |
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General Deterrence |
Involves punitive sanctions designed to influence the behavior of individuals other than those punished |
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Specific Deterrence |
Seeks to discourage the sanction individual from commiting future acts |
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Mala Prohibita Crimes |
deterrence relies on formal sanctions |
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Mala en se crimes |
Do not really need formal sanctions |
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Rational Choice perspective |
Expands on deterrence research by incorporating many more variables in the reasoning process and by considering choices of the offenders and victims |
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Routine Activities Theory |
-Cohen and Felson (1979) -Theory of victimization -argues that available opportunites are an important component in crime calculus |
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Crime triangle |
Motivated offender suitable targets absence of capable guardians |
