Chapter 2 Study Guide

Front 1

How many named elements are on the Periodic Table of Elements?

Back 1

109

Front 2

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

Back 2

Protons and Neutrons

Front 3

Define Isotope

Back 3

atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element

Front 4

Define Coefficient

Back 4

Number of Molecules

Front 5

Define subscript

Back 5

Number of atoms per molecule

Front 6

What is a buffer?

Back 6

weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp sudden changes in pH

Front 7

Neutralization of Acids:
Acid+ Base--> ___+___

Back 7

water + salt

Front 8

name the 2 groups of Carbohydrates

Back 8

sugar and starch

Front 9

What are the building blocks of protein?

Back 9

Amino Acid

Front 10

What is the function of lipids(fat)?

Back 10

To store energy

Front 11

What is the name of the 5 carbon sugar that is found in DNA?

Back 11

Deoxyribose

Front 12

Name the sugar found in RNA

Back 12

ribose

Front 13

What energy is required for a chemical reaction to take place?

Back 13

Activation Energy

Front 14

What is cohesion?

Back 14

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Front 15

What is adhesion?

Back 15

the attraction between molecules of a different substance

Front 16

What are the number of electrons are found in the outermost energy level of an atom?

Back 16

Valence Electrons

Front 17

What is the correct BALANCED chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Back 17

6CO+6H2O--> C6H12O6+6O2
(couldnt find subscripts)
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Front 18

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Back 18

to provide energy

Front 19

What are the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Back 19

THYMINE,Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Front 20

What is the DNA base pairing rule?

Back 20

A-T
C-G

Front 21

define atom

Back 21

basic unit of matter

Front 22

define ion

Back 22

positively and negatively charged atoms

Front 23

define solute

Back 23

substance that is dissolved

Front 24

define protons

Back 24

found in the nucleus and give positive charge

Front 25

define pH scale

Back 25

provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (where 7 is neutral and greater than 7 is more basic and less than 7 is more acidic

Front 26

define mixture

Back 26

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Front 27

define protein

Back 27

macro molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes

Front 28

define chemical reaction

Back 28

process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Front 29

define neutrons

Back 29

found in the nucleus of an atom and gives no charge(neutral charge)

Front 30

define acid

Back 30

compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution (H+)

Front 31

define lipid

Back 31

macromolecules made mainly from Carbon and Hydrogen Atoms
lipids comprise the fats and constitute, with proteins and carbohydrates, the chief structural components of living cells.

Front 32

define chemistry

Back 32

the scientific study of composition, structure properties and reactions of matter

Front 33

define element

Back 33

substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means

Front 34

define base

Back 34

compound that produces hydroxide ions

Front 35

define solution

Back 35

ions that had gradually become dispersed in water forming a type of mixture

Front 36

define nucleus

Back 36

center of an atom

Front 37

define covalent bond

Back 37

formed when electrons are shared between atoms

Front 38

define catalysts

Back 38

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Front 39

define enzymes

Back 39

proteins that act as biological catalysts

Front 40

define activation energy

Back 40

energy that is needed to get a reaction

Front 41

define valence electrons

Back 41

number of electrons in the outermost energy level

Front 42

prefixes
ic
macro
ose
mono
di
poly
saccharide

Back 42

like or related
large
indicates sugar
one
two
many
sugar

Front 43

what is in RNA nitrogen base?

Back 43

URACIL, adenine, cytosine, guanine

Front 44

What is in DNA nitrogen base

Back 44

THYMINE, Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine

Front 45

define suspension

Back 45

a mixture of water and non dissolved materials

Front 46

what sugar is in RNA?

Back 46

ribose

Front 47

define ionic bond

Back 47

one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another