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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What characterizes Mental Illness?
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Harmful behavior, unrealistic thoughts and perceptions, ie: delusions, inappropriate emotions, unpredictable behavior
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What are the three early explanations of mental illness?
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medical model of mental illness: the assumption that mental illness results from such biological causes as brain damage, impaired neural transmissions, or biochemical abnormalities. Psychological model of mental illness: the assumption that mental illness results from such psychological causes as conflict, anxiety, faulty beliefs, frustration, or traumatic experiences. Supernatural model: the assumption that mental illness is caused by malicious spiritual entities entering the body or by the will of God.
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What are some early treatment methods from the psychological approach?
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Psychotherapy, reenacting a traumatic experience in order to create a catharsis.
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What are some early treatment methods from the supernatural approach?
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sympathetic magic: the belief that by influencing things that are similar to a person or that were once close to that person, one can influence that person. Homeopathic magic: doing something to a likeness of a person to influence them. Contagious magic: doing something to an item that a person once owned or was close to will do influence that person. witch hunts
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Who was one of the first to use the biological approach?
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Hippocrates
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What was Philippe Pinel's role in influencing the treatment of the mentally ill?
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He was among the first to view people with mental illness as sick rather than criminals. He was the director of Bicetre Asylum where he released inmates from chains, and did not allow bloodletting or harsh treatment. He favored occupational therapy, bathing, and mild purgatives.
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Who was referred to as the first U.S. Psychiatrist?
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Benjamin Rush. He believed that patients should experience fresh and and sunlight and not be on display. However, he still advocated blood letting and the use of rotating and tranquilizing chairs.
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What was Dorothea Lynde Dix's contribution to psychology?
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She campaigned to improve the conditions of the mentally ill. She caused several states and countries to reform their facilities for treating mental illness by making them more available to those in need, and more humane in their treatment.
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Who was the student of Wundt who attempted to classify mental disorders?
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Emil Kraepelin, he based his classification on what caused them, how much they involved the brain/nervous system, their symptoms, and their treatment. Some of the disorders he classified include: mania, depression, dementia praecox, manic depression, and Alzheimer's disease
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Who was the founder of clinical psychology?
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Lightner Witmer
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Who came up with the idea of "animal magnetism/gravitation" and what was it used for?
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Franz Anton Mesmer. It was used to redistribute the magnetic fields of his patients, thus curing them.
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Who are some of the others who followed after Mesmer's belief in hypnotism?
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Marquis de Puysegur: artificial somnambulism, posthypnotic suggestion, posthypnotic amnesia. John Elliotson: Mesmerism in surgery. James Eisdaile: performed 250 painless operations on Hindu convicts. James Braid: explained magnetism in terms of prolonged concentration and the physical exhaustion that followed.
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What was the Nancy School?
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It was a group of physicians who believed that because all humans are suggestible, all humans can be hypnotized. Founded by Ambroise-Auguste Liebeault, major spokesman was Hippolyte Bernheim
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What was Charcot's belief concerning hypnotism?
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Charcot held that hypnotizablility was evidence of hysteria. He admitted he was wrong in this near the end of his life.
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What was Pierre Janet's theory concerning dissociation?
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Janet believed that components of the personality, such as traumatic memories, could become dissociated from the rest of the personality and that these dissociated components are responsible for hysteria and hypnotic phenomena.
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