Chapter 14 Development Over The Life Span

Front 1

preoperational stage (2-7)

Back 1

use of symbols and language acceserlates

Front 2

operations

Back 2

In piaget's theory, mental actions that are cognitely reversible

Front 3

egocentric thinking

Back 3

seeing the world from only your point of view;the inability to take another's perspective

Front 4

conservation

Back 4

understanding that the physical properties of objects-such as the number of items in a cluster or the amount of liquid in a glass=can remain the same even when their form or appearance changes

Front 5

concrete operations stage (7 to 12)

Back 5

children's thinking is grounded in concrete experiences and concepts, rather than abstractions or logical deductions, they learn identity

Front 6

formal operations stage (age 12 through adulthood)

Back 6

teenagers become capable of abstract reasoning

Front 7

Vygotsky's theory of sociocultural influences

Back 7

children use private speech--> this is why adult language and guidance is very important

Front 8

Cognitive abilities develop in steps or in overlapping waves

Back 8

overlapping waves

Front 9

Children understand (more/less) than Piaget said

Back 9

more

Front 10

Preschoolers are or aren't egocentric

Back 10

aren't.. i.e. they modify their speech so younger pre-schoolers will underwstand

Front 11

theory of mind

Back 11

system of beliefs that the way the mind works and how cognitions and feelings affect behavior

Front 12

cogitive development depends upon ____ & _____.

Back 12

education and culture

Front 13

piaget (underestimated/overestimated)children's ablitiy

Back 13

underestimated.. yet he overestimated adults abilities to always be able to reason

Front 14

Kohlberg's 3 stages of moral development

Back 14

preconventional, conventional, postconvetional

Front 15

preconventional morality

Back 15

what is right is what feels good, they fear being punished

Front 16

conventional morality

Back 16

10 or 11 based on conformity and loyalty to others.. based on understanding law and justice

Front 17

postconventional morality

Back 17

realizes immoral laws, popel find values and standards

Front 18

moral reason is influenced by

Back 18

education

Front 19

moral reasoning is profoudnly affected by cultural _____ and ____

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experiences and values

Front 20

Moral reasoning is inconsistent across

Back 20

situations

Front 21

moral reasoning is unrelated to moral ____

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behavior

Front 22

STDs can do what to a baby

Back 22

retardation, blindness, and other physical disorders

Front 23

cigarette smoking can do what to a baby?

Back 23

miscarriage, premature birth, abnormal heartbeat, underweight baby

Front 24

Having more than two alcoholic drinks can lead to

Back 24

fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 25

drugs can

Back 25

morphine, cocaine, and heroin think crack baby

Front 26

physical abilities of a newborn

Back 26

motor reflexes, can see 8 inches in focus range, can see contrasts, shadows, edges, can distinguish their mother

Front 27

social skills of babies

Back 27

babies can smile at people

Front 28

rooting

Back 28

an infant touched on the cheek or mouth will turn towards something to suck on

Front 29

sucking

Back 29

will suck on anything such as a nipple or finger

Front 30

swallowing

Back 30

infant can swallow though the reflex is not yet well coordinated with breathing

Front 31

moro or "startle"

Back 31

in response to a loud noise or physical shock, an infant will throw its arms outward and arch back

Front 32

babinski

Back 32

in response to touch on the bottom of the foot.. infants toes will go outward then curl in

Front 33

grasp

Back 33

in response to touch on hand, infant will grasp

Front 34

stepping

Back 34

walking, can show ability to walk in steps

Front 35

syncrony

Back 35

the adjustment of one person's nonverbal behavior to coordinate with another's

Front 36

attachment

Back 36

universal capacity of all primates and is crucial for health and survival all through life

Front 37

contact comfort

Back 37

in promates, the innate pleasure derived from physical contact; it is the basis of the infant's first attachment

Front 38

separation anxiety

Back 38

the distress that most children develop, at about 6 to 8 months of age, when their primary caregivers temporarily leave them with strangrs

Front 39

Mary Ainsworths' Strange Situation

Back 39

leavin the child alone with stranger, stranger and mother, and alone, and mother

Front 40

securely attached

Back 40

crying babies if the parent leaves and welcomes parent back

Front 41

insecurely attached

Back 41

little reaction to mother leaving the room, avoidant

Front 42

anxious ambivalent

Back 42

want to be put down, can be angry w/ mother

Front 43

parentese

Back 43

"baby talk" parents help babies find the "melody"

Front 44

4-6 months of age babies can (speech)

Back 44

recognize their own names and other familiars

Front 45

6-mos to 1 yr can do this with language

Back 45

sound structure of their own language

Front 46

11 months babies learn this ___

Back 46

gesturing

Front 47

18 mos to 2 years babies can

Back 47

develop word combos

Front 48

telegraphic

Back 48

the way babies talk

Front 49

Jean Piaget

Back 49

pioneer of cognitive development in children how thinking develops (theory of cognitive stages)

Front 50

adaptation includes

Back 50

assimilation and accomodation

Front 51

assimilation

Back 51

the process of absorbing new info into existing cognitive structures (already exisiting beliefs)

Front 52

accomodation

Back 52

the process of modifying existing cognitive structure in response to experience and new info

Front 53

the four stages of Piaget

Back 53

sensorimotor, preoperational stage, concrete operations stage, formal operations stage

Front 54

sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2)

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learning through concrete actions, movemnts become more purposeful, and they learn object permanence

Front 55

object permanence

Back 55

understanding which develops through 1st year that an object continues to exist even when u cannot see or touch it

Front 56

developmental psychologists

Back 56

study physiological and cognitive changes across the life span

Front 57

socialization

Back 57

children learning the rules and behavior expected of them by society

Front 58

Prenatal development stages

Back 58

germinal, embryonic, fetal

Front 59

germinal stage

Back 59

uniting of sperm and egg

Front 60

zygote

Back 60

cluster of cells that in 10-14 days attaches itself to the wall of uterus

Front 61

embryonic stage

Back 61

2 weeks after conception lasting until the 8th week

Front 62

fetal stage

Back 62

8 weeks

Front 63

rubella

Back 63

can hurt the baby's eyes ears, and heart.. common consequence is deafness

Front 64

x-rays or toxic chemicals can do what to a baby?

Back 64

fetal abnormalities and deformities, attention problems and lower IQ