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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jackie is playing a game in which she has to answer questions regarding all kinds of general knowledge, including science facts and literature. This sort of game is most challenging to Jackie's
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semantic memory.
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Hilde is buying a bulb that will light up when someone rings her doorbell. She is buying this because, although she can hear people fairly well during normal conversations, she has a very difficult time hearing the high-pitched sound of the doorbell. Hilde is most likely experiencing
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presbycusis
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Herman asks his doctor, "How long do you think I can live, doc?" Herman is asking for information regarding his
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longevity
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Charles has changed a great deal. He has a difficult time remembering things, even simple things like where he is or what year it is. He is having increasing difficulty understanding people or saying things that make sense to others. In addition, he rarely cleans himself anymore and acts in very inappropriate ways around others. Charles is exhibiting many signs of
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Alzheimer's disease.
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Which would most dramatically impact the levels of free radicals in one's body?
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consuming antioxidants like vitamin E
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After assessing Nalini's brain, her physician comments, "You have significantly reduced amounts of dopamine in your midbrain." Since she is a nurse, Nalini would most likely suspect that she has
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Parkinson's disease.
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When you see a book titled How Neurons Communicate with Each Other, you could be sure it would be about
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neurotransmitters.
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A cerebral hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel in the brain
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ruptures.
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As the over-80 population increases dramatically in the next 40 years, which will probably be most affected in the United States?
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social service systems
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When Judy is asked, "What's 2 + 2?" the answer just seems to pop into her head. This is an example of
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implicit memory.
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Despite the fact that Feodor's hand shakes and he has a difficult time walking and positioning and moving his body to get in and out of chairs, he remains mentally sharp. Feodor appears to have
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Parkinson's disease.
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Elijah asks his doctor how long he can plan to live without any major medical problems or impairments. Elijah is asking about
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useful life expectancy.
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What does not happen to the cardiovascular system as we age?
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The heart begins to pump more blood per minute.
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Dr. Murray believes that depression results from an individual's conscious focus on maladaptive beliefs about oneself. Given this information, Dr. Murray is most likely a ____ therapist.
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cognitive
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Juliana has just suffered an interruption of blood flow to her brain. Her doctor has told her that she has just experienced a(n) ____ and that they should now do what they can to prevent the onset of a stroke.
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transient ischemic attack
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Who is most likely to be wisest concerning the problem of whether a person should accept a new job and relocate their family?
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Kofi, a 40-year-old male who has a lot of experience taking new jobs and relocating his family
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If the programmed cell theory of aging is correct,
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humans are born with a "prewired death clock."
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What best describes the potential role of telomeres in the aging process?
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They are the tip of a chromosome that gets shorter each time until DNA replication is no longer possible.
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Telomeres are found exclusively on
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the tips of chromosomes.
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While being treated for depression, 70-year-old Ian is encouraged to avoid situations that lead to negative consequences and to reward himself when something good happens to him. Ian appears to be being treated by a ____ therapist.
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behavioral
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As Dr. Hallen is interested in ____, she does research in which she always measures the reaction times of her subjects.
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psychomotor speed
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Which sort of medication would be least likely prescribed for depression?
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L-dopa
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Vigilance is best thought of as
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staying on a task for a long period of time.
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A population pyramid would be of most interest to a
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demographer.
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Which American has reached the current average life expectancy for their sex?
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Faith, a female who just turned 79
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As the over-80 population increases dramatically in the next 40 years, which will probably be most affected in the United States?
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social service systems
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As a typical 80-year-old, Joan's ____ would have decreased significantly since she was 20.
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ability to take a big, deep breath
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Which type of therapy for depression would be most interested in altering internal belief systems?
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cognitive therapy
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Dysphoria is the most prominent symptom of
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depression.
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Mickey is currently experiencing "the Third Age." He could best be described as one of the
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young-old.
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After Winston has been diagnosed with Parkinson's, his doctor would be most likely to suggest that he begin a treatment involving
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implanting a neurostimulator to act as a brain pacemaker.
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Research on the relationship between immigration, ethnicity, and health status of older adults has shown that
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recent immigrants tend to have poorer health than U.S.-born individuals of the same ethnicity.
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While at a conference dealing with issues related to aging, Cyndi is interested in learning about how sleep patterns change in late life. She will be best served by attending a presentation entitled "____ and the Elderly."
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Circadian Rhythms
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Charles has changed a great deal. He has a difficult time remembering things, even simple things like where he is or what year it is. He is having increasing difficulty understanding people or saying things that make sense to others. In addition, he rarely cleans himself anymore and acts in very inappropriate ways around others. Charles is exhibiting many signs of
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Alzheimer's disease.
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One common characteristic of the Fourth Age is
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a high level of dementia.
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Juliana has just suffered an interruption of blood flow to her brain. Her doctor has told her that she has just experienced a(n) ____ and that they should now do what they can to prevent the onset of a stroke.
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transient ischemic attack
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What is the only definitive diagnostic test for Alzheimer's disease?
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autopsy of the brain
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____ are chemicals produced during normal cell metabolism that may cause cellular damage that impairs functioning.
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Free radicals
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If Nathan is prescribed ____ for his depression, he will have to be very careful about what kinds of food he eats.
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monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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Which headline concerns maximum life expectancy?
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World's Oldest Human Celebrates 120th Birthday
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Research has shown that individuals who eat a limited number of calories appear to have a longer lifespan. These data provide support for the ____ theory of aging.
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cross-linking
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Carmen has a very difficult time breathing. Even after walking short distances, she is gasping for air. Carmen is exhibiting symptoms of
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Research has shown that individuals who eat a limited number of calories appear to have a longer lifespan. These data provide support for the ____ theory of aging.
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cross-linking
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In the year 1900, the population distribution of the United States resembled a
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pyramid
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One advantage of using ____ to treat depression is that they tend to have the lowest incidence of side effects.
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SSRIs
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According to your text, the United States is ____ financially for the increasing numbers of elderly.
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unprepared
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Based on data gathered from the Human Genome Project, researchers have attempted to increase longevity and health through
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implanting genetically corrected genes.
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After learning the E-I-E-I-O framework, Hugh uses rehearsal to recall his new student ID number. This would be an example of an
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explicit memory and an internal memory aid.
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While at her yearly medical checkup, Martha is informed that she has extremely high pressure in her eye. This indicates that Martha likely has
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glaucoma
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Eighty-year-old Vera is having trouble sleeping at night. If she is a typical older adult, her sleep trouble is least likely the result of
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increased metabolic rate.
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older adults will be more ethnically diverse and better educated than they are now
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future
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The number of older adults is growing rapidly, especially the number of people over ___
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80
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refers to the number of years one has that are free from debilitating disease.
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Useful life expectancy
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older adults will be more ethnically diverse and better educated than they are now
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future
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the longest time any human can live.
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Maximum life expectancy
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The number of older adults is growing rapidly, especially the number of people over ___
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80
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include familial longevity and family history of certain diseases.
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Genetic factors that can influence longevity
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refers to the number of years one has that are free from debilitating disease.
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Useful life expectancy
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include acquired diseases, toxins, pollutants, and life cycle.
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Environmental factors that can influence longevity
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the longest time any human can live.
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Maximum life expectancy
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older adults will be more ethnically diverse and better educated than they are now
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future
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created a controversy between the quantity versus the quality of life.
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Technological intervention
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include familial longevity and family history of certain diseases.
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Genetic factors that can influence longevity
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The number of older adults is growing rapidly, especially the number of people over ___
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80
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refers to the new view that old age is a time of potential growth rather than decline.
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The Third Age
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include acquired diseases, toxins, pollutants, and life cycle.
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Environmental factors that can influence longevity
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refers to the number of years one has that are free from debilitating disease.
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Useful life expectancy
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refers to the oldest-old who are at the limits of their functional capacity.
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The Fourth Age
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created a controversy between the quantity versus the quality of life.
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Technological intervention
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the longest time any human can live.
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Maximum life expectancy
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refers to the new view that old age is a time of potential growth rather than decline.
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The Third Age
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include familial longevity and family history of certain diseases.
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Genetic factors that can influence longevity
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refers to the oldest-old who are at the limits of their functional capacity.
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The Fourth Age
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include acquired diseases, toxins, pollutants, and life cycle.
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Environmental factors that can influence longevity
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created a controversy between the quantity versus the quality of life.
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Technological intervention
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refers to the new view that old age is a time of potential growth rather than decline.
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The Third Age
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refers to the oldest-old who are at the limits of their functional capacity.
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The Fourth Age
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postulates that aging is caused by body systems simply wearing out.
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Wear-and-tear theory
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focus on reactions with cells involving free radicals and cross-linking.
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Cellular theories
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focus on changes in cell metabolism.
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Metabolic theories
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propose that aging is genetically programmed.
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Programmed cell death theories
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neurofibrillary tangles, dendritic changes, and neurotic plaques.
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Three important structural changes in the neuron
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include a build-up of fat deposits in the heart and arteries, decrease in the amount of blood the heart can pump, decline in heart muscle tissue, and stiffening of the arteries.
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Normal changes in the cardiovascular system
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can cause significant cognitive impairment that depends on the location of the brain damage.
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Stroke and vascular dementia
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caused by insufficient levels of dopamine and can be effectively managed with L-Dopa. In a minority of cases, dementia develops.
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Parkinson’s disease
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vision and hearing are well documented. However, similar changes in smell, taste, touch, pain, and temperature are not as clear
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Age-related declines
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have more sleep disturbances than younger adults.
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Older adults
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Nutritionally, most older adults _____ need vitamin or mineral supplements.
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do not
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Nutritionally, most older adults _____ need vitamin or mineral supplements.
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do not
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psychomotor speed is slower than younger adults’ are
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Older adults
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Working memory _____ with age
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declines
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laboratory memory tasks requiring free recall
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older adults almost always do worse than younger adults.
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______ memory declines with age, however, ______ memory does not.
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Secondary; tertiary
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useful framework is to combine explicit-implicit memory distinctions with external-internal types of memory aids.
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Memory training
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Creative output increases until the ____ when it begins to decline.
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30's
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more related to being an expert in living than with age per se
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Wisdom
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general personal conditions, specific expertise conditions, and facultative life contexts.
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Three factors that help people become wise
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persistent sadness.
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key symptom of depression
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include imbalances in neurotransmitters and psychosocial issues such as loss and internal belief systems.
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Major causes of depression
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can be treated with medications such as heterocyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors, and through psychotherapy, such as behavioral or cognitive therapy.
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Depression
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family of diseases that causes severe cognitive impairment.
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Dementia
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most common form of irreversible dementia.
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Alzheimer’s disease
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include memory impairment, personality changes, and behavioral changes. These symptoms usually worsen gradually, with rates varying considerably across individuals.
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Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
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can only be made following a brain autopsy
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Definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
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Most researchers are focusing on a _______ of Alzheimer’s disease.
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probable genetic cause
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disease is incurable, various therapeutic interventions can be made to improve the quality of the victim’s life.
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Alzheimer’s
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