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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stratified societies |
societies in which there is a permanent hierarchy that accords some members privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige |
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gender |
the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex |
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class |
a ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economics |
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clientage |
the institution linking individuals from upper and lower levels in a stratified society |
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caste |
a ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society that is closed, prohibiting individuals from moving from one caste to another |
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race |
a human population category whose boundaries allegedly correspond to a distinct set of biological attributes |
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racism |
the systematic oppression of one or more socially defined "races" by another socially defined "race" that is justified in terms of the supposedly inherent biological superiority of the rulers and the supposed inherent biological inferiority of those they rule |
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ethnic groups |
social groups that are distinguished from one another on the basis of ethnicity |
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ethnicity |
a principle of social classification used to create groups based on selected cultural features such as language, religion, or dress; ethnicity emerges from historical processes that incorporate distinct social groups into a single political structure under conditions of inequality |
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nation |
a group of people believed to share the same history, culture, language, and even the same physical substance |
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nation-state |
an ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide |
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nationality |
a sense of identification with and loyalty to a nation-state |
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nation-buidling, or nationalism |
the attempt made by government officials to instill into the citizens of a state a sense of nationality |
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transformist hegemony |
a nationalist program to define nationality in a way that preserves the cultural domination of the ruling group while including enough cultural features from subordinated groups to ensure their loyalty |
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naturalizing discourses |
the deliberate representation of particular identities (caste, class, race, ethnicity, and nation, for example) as if they were a result of biology or nature, rather than history or culture, making them appear eternal and unchanging |
