Ccc Ocr 21St Century C1

Front 1

What percentage of each gas makes up the Earth’s atmosphere?

Back 1

Oxygen= 21% Nitrogen=78% CO2= 0.037 Argon= 0.9

Front 2

What is the percentage of nitrogen in the air?

Back 2

78%

Front 3

What is the percentage of oxygen in the air?

Back 3

21%

Front 4

What is the percentage of argon in the air?

Back 4

0.9

Front 5

What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in the air?

Back 5

0.037

Front 6

Where did the early gases come from?

Back 6

Volcanoes

Front 7

What were the main gases in the early atmosphere?

Back 7

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

Front 8

Name one way that oxygen levels increased

Back 8

Photosynthesis

Front 9

Name three ways that carbon dioxide levels decreased

Back 9

Dissolving in the ocean, locked up in fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks, photosynthesis by green plants

Front 10

What happened to the water vapour from volcanoes?

Back 10

It condensed and formed oceans when the Earth cooled

Front 11

Which two pollutants cause acid rain?

Back 11

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

Front 12

Which pollutant gas is poisonous?

Back 12

Carbon monoxide

Front 13

Which pollutant makes things dirty and causes breathing problems?

Back 13

Particulates

Front 14

What problem does carbon dioxide cause?

Back 14

Global warming

Front 15

What is the best estimate of a set of data?

Back 15

The calculated mean

Front 16

What are the main pollutants?

Back 16

Particulates, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide, Carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide

Front 17

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

Back 17

Carbon monoxide and carbon

Front 18

What group of compounds do petrol, diesel fuel and fuel oil belong to?

Back 18

Hydrocarbons

Front 19

Why does a yellow flame produce a ‘sooty’ bottom?

Back 19

Because the fuel is burning with a lack of oxygen and producing carbon.

Front 20

How do you know if data is repeatable?

Back 20

Repeated measurements are similar

Front 21

What happens to the atoms during a chemical reaction?

Back 21

During a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other. Bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make the products.

Front 22

Where does nitrogen dioxide come from?

Back 22

From the nitrogen and oxygen in air reacting inside hot engines. Some is formed naturally by lightning and some is produced by plants, soil and water.

Front 23

What happens to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Back 23

Dissolves in the oceans, locked in sedimentary rocks and absorbed in photosynthesis.

Front 24

Give an example of a correlation between a factor and an outcome that does not mean that one causes the other?

Back 24

Being overweight and having an unhealthy lifestyle can lead to heart disease but they have not been proven to be the direct cause of heart disease.

Front 25

What is needed to show that a factor causes an outcome – give an example.

Back 25

A fair test. Keep one thing the same and change the rest. That results in a correlation.

Front 26

How can you prove that there is a real difference between 2 sets of data?

Back 26

The range bars do not overlap. The mean of one set of data lies outside the range of the other.

Front 27

Recall 3 ways of reducing pollution caused by power stations.

Back 27

Wet scrubbing, removing sulphur from the fuel before it is burnt, dust precipitator.

Front 28

Give 4 ways that exhaust emissions from motor vehicles can be reduced?

Back 28

Efficient engines, using low sulphur fuels, using catalytic converters, setting legal limits on exhaust emissions.

Front 29

How would you calculate the mean if a set of data contained an outlier?

Back 29

Leave the outlier out.

Front 30

How can the levels of carbon dioxide be reduced?

Back 30

Burn less fossil fuels.