Ota Brs Board Exam 2015 --Musculoskeletal And Neurological System Disorders

Front 1

Parkinson's Disease:

Famous people with

Back 1

-- Michael J Fox.

-- Muhammed Ali.

Front 2

Parkinson's Disease:

Prognosis

Back 2

Slowly progressive and degenerative

Front 3

Parkinson's Disease:

What is disease progression in general

Back 3

The progression for Parkinson's Disease is:

1. Unilateral tremor.

2. Bilateral tremor.

3. Symptoms worsen. Onset of difficulties with ADL but can live independently.

4. Requires help with some or all ADLs.

5. Confined to wheelchair or bed. Maximally assisted.

Front 4

Spina bifida -- what are the root meanings of these two words

Back 4

Spina = spine.

Bifida = split.

Spina Bifida literally means "split spine".

Front 5

Spina Bifida:

1. what is it ?

2. etiology?

Back 5

1, Spina bifida is a neural tube defect (neural tube is what becomes brain and spinal cord)

2, Etiology is unknown (idiopathic)

Front 6

Spina Bifida: describe the 3 types

Back 6

1. Occult spinal dysraphism (OSD). -- presence of external manifestation but no protrusion.

2. Spina bifida w/ meningocele. -- protrusion BUT doesn't include spinal cord.

3. Spina Bifida w/ myelomeningocele. -- protrusion includes spinal cord or nerves roots.

Front 7

Muscular DystrophIES, as a category. Are they degenerative?

Back 7

Yes, MS or multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disorders.

Front 8

Muscular Dystrophies, as a category: Onset

Back 8

MD, or Muscular Dystrophy, can begin at any time during life. in Infancy,

Childhood, or in Adulthood.

Front 9

Muscular Dystrophies, as a category:

1. What is its progression?

2. How is it diagnosed?

Back 9

1. MD, mulscular dystrophy, may be rapid and fatal, or may remain stable throughout life.

(Those starting early in life, tend to be more severe and progress more rapidly.)

2. Dx: Blood test for muscle enzymes or proteins

Front 10

Muscular Dystrophies, as a category:

Name 4 symptoms

Back 10

1. Low muscle tone, & weakness. (these contribute to abnormal movement pattern & delayed developmental milestones)

2. Oral motor feeding may be difficult

3. Deformities of the extremities and spine, (these are caused by muscle weakness)

4. Breathing difficulty. This may require tracheostomies or mechanical ventilators. Breathing difficulties often lead to death.

Front 11

define dystrophy

Back 11

Dystrophy is a disorder in which tissue or an organ wastes away.

Front 12

Muscular Dystrophy -- In the test prep course, what did she suggest we learn about Muscular Dystrophy?

Back 12

General info about MD and Duchenne's MD.

Front 13

(Duchenne's) do shanes Muscular Dystrophy: What gender gets it?

Back 13

Do shanes Muscular Dystrophy sex-linked to males.

Front 14

(Duchenne's) do shanes Muscular Dystrophy:

1. When is it usually detected?

2. What is the prognosis regarding a person's lifespan?

Back 14

1. do shanes Muscular Dystrophy is usually detected age 2 to 6.

(MD can have onset anytime in life. But do shanes hits early and is detected age 2 - 6)

2. The lifespan for someone with do shanes Muscular Dystrophy is usually in their early 20's. This is due to respiratory problems, infections, and/or cardiovascular problems.

Front 15

Huntington's Disease can also be referred to as what?

Back 15

Huntington's Disease can also known as Huntington's korea. (Chorea)

(Although technically, it is now referred to Huntington's Disease.)

Front 16

What is HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE, and what is it's prognosis?

Back 16

(Image: Huntington's Disease is a headhunter!) Huntington's Disease causes a progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.

Front 17

Huntington's Disease is characterized by what 2 symptoms?

(Also, what third symptom MAY be involved?)

Back 17

1. Choreiform movement.

2. Progressive intellectual deterioration.

.

(Also, there may be psychiatric disturbance preceding onset of the movement disorder)

Front 18

ALS:

1. What's its complete name?

Back 18

ALS is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Front 19

ALS. What is it?

Back 19

[Image]

ALS is an MND.

ALS is a motor neuron disease.

It is characterized by progressive degeneration of certain parts of the spinal cord.

Front 20

ALS:

1. onset is usually when?

2. death usually occurs when?

Back 20

1. The onset of ALS is at an average age of 57.

2. Death from ALS is usually 2-5 years after diagnosis.

Front 21

ALS:

What are the symptoms?

Back 21

The sypmtoms of ALS are primarily muscle weakness and atrophy. Many problems result from this, including dysarthria and dysphagia.

Front 22

What is the brachial plexus?

Back 22

[Image]

The Brachial Plexus is a bundle of nerves in the chest that control the arm.

Front 23

Brachial Plexus Disorder:

1. What is the etiology?

2. What are some of the symptoms?

Back 23

1. Etiology. Traction during birth or otherwise; invasion of metastatic cancer, etc.

2. The symptoms of Brachial plexus disorder can be varied. They include motor and sensory disorders of the corresponding limb.

Front 24

Peripheral Neuropathies:

1. Where do they come from?

2. What does is cause?

Back 24

1. Peripheral neuropathy is damage to your peripheral nerves.

2. Peripheral neuropathy often causes weakness, numbness and pain. This is usually in your hands and feet. (It can also affect other areas of your body.)

Front 25

Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

What is it?

Back 25

Guillian-Barre is an autoimmune disorder. The body's immune system specifically attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. This causes demyelnation of the nerves.

Front 26

Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

1. When does recovery from this syndrome usually begin?

2. What is the potential long term prognosis? This question is not to be confused with the general progression, which is on another card.

Back 26

1. Recovery from Guillain-Barre Syndrome usually begins about 2 to 4 weeks after onset.

2. Potential long term prognosis is as follows. A small percentage die. Most are ambulatory in 6 months, (80%). Half display residual neurological effects.

Front 27

Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

-- what is the etiology

Back 27

The etiology of Guillain-Barre Syndrome is idiopathic. It may occur after an infectious disorder, surgery, or an immunization.

Front 28

Who gets Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Back 28

Anyone can get it.

Front 29

What is the progression of Gullain-Barre Syndrome?

Back 29

Progression is rapid, goes from feet up:

1. Weakness or tingling sensations in the legs.

2. May spread to arms and upper body.

3. Increase in intensity until certain muscles cannot be used at all. When severe, the person is almost totally paralyzed.

Front 30

Myasthenia Gravis - what is its literal translation?

Back 30

Myasthenia Gravis means "grave muscle weakness".

(It is referred to as "weakness" because proper function in the neuromuscular junction can be reduced by 80% from this condition, not 100%)

Front 31

Myasthenia Gravis.

What is the usual progression?

Back 31

Myasthenia Gravis is usually progressively disabling. Death may occur from respiratory complications.

Front 32

Who gets Myasthenia Gravis?

Back 32

Everyone can.

Front 33

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

Back 33

Myasthenia Gravis is autoimmune. It debilitates function of neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness. (Note the shallow "GRAVES" on image.)

Front 34

What are symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?

Back 34

The symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis are.

1. Change throughout the day

2. Muscle fatigue after exercise

3. Dysarthria, dysphagia

4. Involvement of respiratory muscle may be life threatening

Front 35

What is M.S.?

Back 35

MS is multiple sclerosis. MS is an autoimmune disease. Bad T cells attack the myelin sheaths on neurons in the brain. Then info can't transfer well through these neurons. This results in varied problems throughout different parts of the body.

Front 36

What are some symptoms of M,S?

Back 36

Some symptoms of M.S. are:

1. Multiple and varied neurological symptoms and signs. These usually have remissions and exacerbations.

2. Weakness and clumsiness in the leg or hand is common.

3. Emotional disturbances .

Front 37

Name the 5 kinds of paralysis:

Back 37

1. Monoplegia: 1 extremity.
2. Hemiplegia: upper and lower etremity of same side.
3. Paraplegia: lower extremities (hint: "para-chute" pants)
4. Tetriplegia: all extremities, previously referred to as quadriplegia.
5. Diplegia: all 4 limbs, both legs affected more.

Front 38

Name the 5 kinds of paralysis (this includes the image of 5 types of paralysis)

Back 38

1. Monoplegia. 1 extremity.

2. Hemiplegia. upper & lower extremity of same side

3. Paraplegia. Legs only. (hint: parachute pants cover legs)

4. Tetraplegia. (prev quadriplegia) all extremities

5. Diplegia. Legs worse than arms

Front 39

What does the ASIA scale measure?

Back 39

The ASIA scale measures the degree of impairment and severity of injury of spinal cord injuries.

Front 40

What is autonomic dysreflexia. And tell what its symptoms are?

Back 40

1. Autonomic dysreflexia is an abnormal response to a noxious stimulus, like catheter blockage, sitting on a sharp object, etc.

2. The symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia are increased blood pressure, pounding headache, sweating.

3. It is deemed a medical emergency if not reversed quickly by removing stimulus.

Front 41

What is heterotrophic ossification? What is the hint to help remember this?

Back 41

[Image]

Heterotrophic ossification is the formation of bone in strange places.

Hint: hetero- means "different".

Front 42

What is the full name for a TBI ?

Back 42

TBI is traumatic brain injury.

Front 43

What scales are used to rate where is a person is at after they have a TBI?

Back 43

The two scales used are the Glasgow Coma Scale

and

the Rancho Level of Cognitive Functioning.

Front 44

Rancho de los Amigos:

1. What is its full name?

2. What does it measure? (What is the memory trigger for this?)

Back 44

1. Rancho de los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning.

2. Rancho los Amigos measures level of cognitive function.

[HINT: the THREE AMIGOS! were low level cognitive functioning! They needed this test.]

Front 45

Rancho de los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:

What is the memory hint to remember the number of levels?

Back 45

[Image]

Hint: Los tres amigos... times 3-1/3! (Visualize them introducing like in the movie, but they keep coming...10 times!)

Front 46

CVA: what is the full name and what is it?

Back 46

CVA is cerebral vascular accident, or stroke.

A CVA occurs from an insufficient blood supply to the brain, which causes tissue death.

Front 47

What are some of the functions of the left and right sides of your brain?

Back 47

Left: Right sided movement, processing, sensory info, & visual perception. Also Verbal processing. Bilateral motor praxis. Verbal memory. Speech. Processing verbal auditory.

Right: Left sided movement, processing, sensory info, & visual perception. Plus visual spatial processing. Nonverbal memory. Emotion. Processing nonverbal auditory .

Front 48

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 48

[Image]

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systematic (i.e. methodical) and progressive condition.

Rheumatoid arthritis flows to many joints, especially the HANDS.

Front 49

What does the root word -rheum (r.h.e.u.m.) mean? This makes up the word rheumatoid.

Back 49

"rheum" (r.h.e.u.m.) itself is a Greek word that means "flow." The word was first ascribed to the disease of rheumatism because of the way it seemed to spread — or flow — within a patient's body.

Front 50

Rheumatoid arthritis: There are 3 deformites common to rheumatoid arthritis. Describe the one that is not Boutonniere Deformity or Swan Neck Deformity

Back 50

[Image]

Ulnar deviation or ulnar drift and subluxation of wrists and MCP joints.

Front 51

Rheumatoid arthritis: Describe Boutonniere's Deformity.

Back 51

[Image] It is P.I.P. flexion & D.I.P. hyper-extension.

[HINT: Fingers positioned to adjust boutonniere flower, or to hold pin to pin it on.]

Front 52

Rheumatoid arthritis: Describe Swan Neck Deformity.

Back 52

[Image]

Swan Neck Deformity is hyper-extention of the PIP, flexion of the DIP.

Front 53

What is osteo-arthritis?

Back 53

[Image]

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease resulting from WEAR & TEAR.

Commonly affects large, weight bearing joints.

Front 54

Joints of the hand: Name the abbreviations and full names for them.

Back 54

[Image]

1. D.I.P. is distal inter-phalangeal joint.

2. P.I.P. is proximal inter-phalangeal joint.

3. M.C.P. is meta-carpo-phalangeal joint.

Front 55

Name the bones of the hand.

Back 55

[Image]

1. Phalanges. Including distal, intermediate, and proximal.

2. Meta-carpals.

3. Carpals or carpal bones.

Front 56

S.C.I. - what does it stand for?

Back 56

S.C.I. stands for spinal cord injury.

Front 57

What is ortho-static hyper-tension?

Back 57

Orthostatic hypertension is a severe drop in blood pressure that occurs when someone assumes an upright position.

Front 58

What is spinal shock?

Back 58

Spinal shock, an issue in S.C.I., can occur during the first 4 to 8 weeks after a spinal injury. All reflex activity is gone below the level of injury, resulting in flaccid paralysis.

You have to let this run it's course BEFORE diagnosing.

Front 59

What is Osteo-genesis Imperfecta and what is the way to remember it according to it root words?

Back 59

[Image]

Osteo-genesis Imperfecta is imperfect bone growth.

[HINT: the short character on the show CARNIVAL has it.]

Front 60

Osteo-genesis Imperfecta: name some of the symptoms.

Back 60

Some of the symptoms of Osteo-genesis Imperfecta include:

1. Brittle bones that easily fracture.

2. Multiple fractures as a growing child.

3. Deformities of the arms and legs.

Front 61

What are some of the ways to medically manage Osteo-genesis Imperfecta?

Back 61

Osteo-genesis Imperfecta can be managed medically in these ways:

1. Casts and braces.

2. Pain management.

3. Activity restrictions.

Front 62

Amputation. Wrapping of residual limbs.

What is the proper way to wrap a residual limb and why?

Back 62

A limb should be wrapped diagonally. This keeps the limb from having circulation cut off.

Front 63

Amputation. Wrapping of residual limbs.

Why is it done and when should a limb have wrapping on it?

Back 63

Wrapping a residual limb keeps it from swelling and fits it for prosthesis.

A limb should be wrapped at all times.

Front 64

Amputation. Describe the nomenclature for the levels of amputation.

Back 64

1. Forequarter, which is the loss of clavicle, scapula, & entire upper extremity.

2. Disarticulation, which is the separation of 2 bones at the joint (like the wrist, elbow, hip, knee)

3. Trans, like trans-femoral, trans-humeral, trans-radial, and trans-tibial.

4. Finger amputation

Front 65

Amputation. What does treatment for the residual limb consist of? (One thing.)

Back 65

Treatment of the residual limb consists of desensitization as well as other really cool stuff.

Front 66

What is R.L.P. stand for?

Back 66

R.L.P. stands for residual limb pain.

Front 67

What is residual limb pain (R.L.P.)?

Back 67

R.L.P., or residual limb pain, is the pain that originates in the remaining part of your limb. (This is not Phantom limb pain.)

Front 68

What is phantom limb pain?

Back 68

Phantom limb pain is a sensation of pain perceived to originate from a body part that, in reality, is not there.

Front 69

What's another name for Total Hip Replacement?

Back 69

Another name for "Total Hip Replacement" is "Total Hip Arthroplasty".

Front 70

What are the types of "Total Hip Arthroplasty"?

Back 70

There are two types of "Total Hip Arthroplasty", as follows:

1. Total Hip Implant. Here they replace both the acetabulum and the femoral head.

2. The Austin Moore, or Partial Hip Replacement. Here they replace only the femoral head.

Front 71

What are the total hip precautions for a Total Hip Replacement?

Back 71

The total hip precautions for a Total Hip Arthroplasty are:

1. No flexing beyond 90 degrees.

2. No adducting or crossing legs.

3. No rotating hips, meaning don't point your toes inward or outward.

ALSO: 4. No pivoting at the hips.

5. Sit only on a raised chair and toilet seat.

6. Transfer sit to stand by keeping the operated hip in slight abduction and extended out front.

Front 72

C.O.P.D. What does it stand for?

Back 72

C.O.P.D. stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Front 73

What is C.O.P.D. and what is it caused by?

Back 73

C.O.P.D. is a lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. It is caused by damage to the lungs over many years, usually from smoking.

Front 74

C.O.P.D. is usually a mix of what 2 diseases and describe those diseases?

Back 74

C.O.P.D. is usually a mix of chronic bronchitis and emphasema.

1. Chronic bronchitis is the airways that carry air to the lungs get inflamed and make a lot of mucus. This can narrow or block the airways, making it hard to breathe.

2. Emphasema is when the air sacs in the lung are damaged and lose their stretch. Less air gets in and out and makes you feel short of breath.

Front 75

What is the etiology of hip fractures?

Back 75

The etiology of hip fractures includes the following:

1. Trauma to the hip.

2. Osteoporosis.

3. Pathological fractures, for example from cancer.

4. More.

Front 76

What are the types of hip fractures?

Back 76

[IMAGE.] The types of hip fracture are.

1. Femoral neck fracture.

2. Inter-trochantric fracture.

3. Sub-trochantric fracture.

Front 77

What is the medical management of hip fractures and define all the parts of your answer?

Back 77

Hip fractures are medically managed in 3 ways:

1. Closed reduction. This is for minimally displaced fractures & is done without surgery.

2. O.R.I.F. Open reduction internal fixation. Open means surgery, reduction means returning the bone to its proper place, internal fixation means the bone is fixated to something internal.

3. Joint replacement.

Front 78

Hip fracture. What are the precautions?

Back 78

The precautions for hip fracture are determined by the surgeon. This includes the weight bearing status, amount of ROM, and when to begin OT.

Front 79

Edema. How is it best treated?

Back 79

Edema is best treated with elevation and A.R.O.M.

Front 80

Glasgow Coma Scale. What does it measure?

Back 80

The Glasgow Coma Scale is the most common scale used to determine the level of consciousness of a person after they've had a TBI. Basically, it's used the gauge the severity of an acute brain injury.

Front 81

Glasgow Coma Scale. What is the range for possible score and what do the highest and lowest scores mean?

Back 81

The scoring range for the Glasgow Coma Scale is from 3 to 15. A 3 means the person is in a deep coma or is dead. A 15 means fully awake.

NOTE, therefore, that all component scores have a highest and lowest rating. A 1 for all of them means no response. Or this rhyme. . one is none. The highest score always means "normal". Just learn the middle scores.

Front 82

Glasgow Coma Scale. What are the different categories that are rated and added to determine a score.

Back 82

The categories rated for the Glasgow Coma Scale are:

1. eye opening.

2. verbal responses.

3. motor responses.

Front 83

Glasgow Coma Scale. How do you remember how many scores there are for each category?

Back 83

For eyes, think of the old nickname for kids with glasses. "4 eyes". . .

For verbal responses, think that the word verbal starts with a V, which is roman for 5.

For motor responses, think of a 6 cylinder engine.

Front 84

Glasgow Coma Scale. . Name all of the sub-ratings.

Back 84

Eye Opening (E). A score of 4 means eye opening is spontaneous. 3 is when they respond to voice. 2 is response to pain. 1 is none.

Verbal Response (V). A 5 reflects normal conversation. 4 is disoriented, but coherent. 3 is words, but incoherent. 2 is only sounds, no words. 1 is none.

Motor Response (M). A 6 is normal. 5 has the patient crossing mid-line to resolve a pain issue, like push an I.V. away. 4 means they withdraw from pain. 3 is decorticate posture, or flexion. 2 is decerebrate, or extenion. 1 is none.

Front 85

Glasgow Coma Scale. What do the final scores mean?

Back 85

Brain injury is generally classified as:

1. Severe, which is a score of 3 to 8.

2. Moderate. which is a score of 9 to 12.

3. Mild. which is a score of 13 to 15.

Front 86

What posture is this?

Back 86

Decordicate posture, in which the patient is in flexion.

Front 87

What posture is this?

Back 87

Decerebrate posture, in which the patient is in extension.

Front 88

What is C.R.P.S.?

Back 88

C.R.P.S., or CRAPS as I like to call it, is Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Front 89

What is neuro-pathic pain?

Back 89

Neuropathic can be broken down to "neuro-", or nerves, and "-pathic", which would mean disease. So neuro-pathic pain means pain that result from a messed up part of the nervous system.

Neuro-pathic pain is pain that results from lesions in some part of the nervous system.

Front 90

C.R.P.S. How many types of C.R.P.S. are there, name them, and describe them.

Back 90

There are 2 types of C.R.P.S.: Type 1 and Type 2.

1. Type 1 C.R.P.S. is pain characterized by abnormal burning pain & hypersensitivity to light touch. It's usually because of a traumatic injury.

2. Type 2 C.R.P.S. is pain occurring along the branches of a nerve.

Front 91

Tell me about shingles and what does it look like?

Back 91

Shingles, or Herpes Zoster, is characterized by vesicular eruption. It looks fairly like psoriasis. It can last 10 days to 5 weeks. Pain may persist for months.

Front 92

What is phantom limb pain?

Back 92

Phantom limb pain is pain experienced in a body part that is no longer there.

Phantom limb sensation is far more common.

Front 93

What is referred pain?

Back 93

Referred pain is pain that is perceived in part of the body when the source of the pain is in another part of the body.

Front 94

What is the full name of S.P.D.?

Back 94

S.P.D. is sensory processing disorder.

Front 95

S.P.D. What are some signs and symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder?

Back 95

Signs and symptoms of S.P.S. include:

1. Hypo-sensitivity, sometimes called under-responsivity.

2. Hyper-sensitivity, sometimes called over-responsivity.

3. Tactile processing dysfunction.

4. Proprioceptive processing dysfunction.

5. Vestibular processing dysfunction.

Front 96

What is a seizure?

Back 96

A seizure is uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that may result in physical convulsion, minor physical changes, thought disturbances, or a combo deal of these symptoms.

This depends on where the abnormal electrical activity takes place in the brain, what its cause is, and stuff like age and state of health.

Front 97

What are the intervention procedures if you are present when someone has a seizure?

Back 97

1. Remain calm.

2. Safety. Remove dangerous objects from area.

3. Safety. If person upright, gently glide them to floor and loosen clothes.

4. Safety. Turn him on his side to prevent chocking.

Front 98

What is the proper post-seizure care?

Back 98

Proper post seizure care includes:

1. Allow the individual to rest or sleep after seizure.

2. more stuff

3. Observe safety precautions is person seems groggy, confused, or weak following seizure.

Front 99

What are C.T.D., or cumulative trauma disorders, and name 3 examples of them?

Back 99

Cumulative trauma disorders are are a group of repetitive strain injuries. 3 examples are:

1. DeQuervains.

2. Epicondylitis, either lateral or medial.

3. Trigger finger.

Front 100

What is deQuervain's disease?

Back 100

Image. . A painful inflammation of tendons in the thumb that extend to the wrist. Swollen tendons & coverings rub against their narrow tunnel. The result is pain at the base of thumb, extending into lower arm. HINT: the quer wrist.

Front 101

What is the technical term for tennis elbow and what is it?

Back 101

Tennis elbow is lateral epicondylitis. This is an irritation through overuse of the wrist extensors.

Front 102

What is the technical term for golfer's elbow?

Back 102

Golfer's elbow is medial epicondylitis. This is over use of the wrist flexors.

Front 103

What is trigger finger?

Back 103

IMAGE.

HINT. is obvious.

Trigger finger is tenosynovitis of the finger flexors, especially the first. It's caused by repetition.

Front 104

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 104

Image. Carpal tunnel syndrome is pain, tingling, and numbness in the hand (but not the pinky) that is a result of pressure on the median nerve.

Front 105

Name the nerves of the hand and what areas they are associated with.

Back 105

Image. The names of the nerves of the hand are median, ulnar, and radial nerves.

Please look at image for areas.

Front 106

Burns. What are the names of the different kinds of burns?

Back 106

To replace the old terms of 1st, 2nd, & 3rd degree burns, the terms are now superficial, partial thickness, and full thickness. Partial thickness was divided into 2, as follows:

1. Super-ficial burn.

2. Super-ficial partial thickness burn.

3. Deep partial thickness burn.

4. Full thickness burn.

Front 107

What is a superficial burn?

Back 107

A superficial burn used to be called 1st degree burn. It's the equivalent of a light burn with a curling iron. It involves only the superficial aspect of the skin organ, which is the epidermis.

There is minimal pain and edema, and there are no blisters. They heal in 3 to 7 days.

Front 108

Yo slappy, what is a partial thickness burn?

Back 108

A partial thickness burn is a 2nd degree burn. They are burns that extend down to the second layer of skin. into the dermis. (So they effect the epidermis and the dermis.) There are 2 kinds of partial thickness burns. superficial and deep.

Front 109

What is a superficial partial thickness burn?

Back 109

A superficial partial thickness burn is a more superficial 2nd degree burn. Its a burn that affects the superficial level of the second layer of skin, the dermis. It's red, blistering, and wet. It heals in 7 to 21 days. This would be a sunburn.

Front 110

What is a deep partial thickness burn?

Back 110

A deep partial thickness burn is a deep 2nd degree burn. It affects deep into the dermis and affects hair follicles and sweat glands. They are red, white, and elastic. They take 3 to 7 weeks to heal.

Front 111

What is a full thickness burn?

Back 111

A full thickness burn is a 3rd degree burn. In addition to the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles and sweat glands, this burn type effects nerve endings. They appear white, waxy, and leathery. There is no pain and skin grafts are required. Healing can take months.

Front 112

What is a 4th degree burn?

Back 112

A 4th degree burn involves fat, muscle, and bone. There is destruction of nerves along the pathway. Rule of nines is a method of assessing burn wound size.

Front 113

What is the rule of nines and what are its components?

Back 113

The rule of nines has the following measurements:

The head and arms are 9% each.

The torso is 36%.

The legs are each 18%.

The pubic area i s1%

Front 114

When a hand is burned and requires splinting, describe the position of the hand. (This doesn't include splinting for a burn on the volar, or palmer, surface of the hand, which is different.)

Back 114

1. the wrist in 20 to 30 degree extension.

2. MCP joints in 50 to 70 degree flexion.

3. IP joints in full extension.

4. Thumb abducted and extended

Front 115

Describe the position of a splinted hand that was burned on the volar side.

Back 115

The volar side is the palmer side. (Picture a Volare car in palm of hand with guy singing that song.)

1. Wrist in 0 to 30 degrees extension.

2. MCP joints in neutral and abducted.

3. IP joints in full extension.

4. Thumb abducted and extended.d