Nbcot: Neurological System Disorders

Front 1

Frontal Lobe

Back 1

1. primary motor cortex for vol. musc. activation
2. emotions, judgements
3. planning of movements

Front 2

Parietal Lobe

Back 2

1. primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation
2. receives fibers conveying touch, proprioceptive, pain and temperature sensations from opposite side of body

Front 3

Temporal Lobe

Back 3

1. primary auditory cortex (receives/processes auditory stimuli)
2. associative auditory cortex (processes auditory stimuli)
3. Wernicke's area: language comprehension

Front 4

Occipital Lobe

Back 4

1. primary visual cortex: recieves/processes visual stimuli
2. visual association cortex: processes visual stimuli

Front 5

Limbic system

Back 5

concerned with instincts and emotions contributing to preservation of the individual

Front 6

White matter

Back 6

myelinated nerve fibers located centrally

Front 7

basal ganglia

Back 7

1. masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres
2. forms an associated motor system
3. has numerous fiber interconnections

Front 8

diencephalon

Back 8

1. thalamus:
2. subthalamus
3. hypothalamus
4. epithalamus

Front 9

brain stem

Back 9

1. midbrain: connects pons to cerebrum
2. pons: connects medulla oblongata to the midbrain, allowing passage of important ascending and descending tracts
3. medulla oblongata: connects spinal cord with pons

Front 10

cerebellum

Back 10

-joined to the brain stem
-aids in equilibrium and regulation of muscle tone
-modifies muscle tone and synergistic actions of muscles; important in maintenance of posture and voluntary movement control
-coordination of voluntary movements
-ensures accurate force, direction, and degree of movment

Front 11

spinal cord

Back 11

30 segments: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, a few coccygeal segments

Front 12

central gray matter contains:

Back 12

2 anterior (ventral) horns (contain cell bodies that give rise to efferent (motor) neurons

2 posterior (dorsal) horns (contain afferent (sensory) neurons

Front 13

Ascending fiber systems (sensory pathways)

Back 13

1. dorsal columns/medial lemniscal system
2. spinothalamic tracts: convey sensations o fpain and temp
3. spinocerebellar tracts: convey proprioception information from muscle spindles
4. spinoreticular tracts: convey deep and chronic pain to reticular formation of brain stem via diffuse, polysynaptic pathways

Front 14

descending fiber systems (motor pathways)

Back 14

1. corticospinal tracts
2. vestibulospinal tracts
3. rubrospinal tract
4. reticulospinal system
5. tectospinal tract

Front 15

ANS

Back 15

innervates involuntary structures: smooth muscle, heart, glands, helps maintain homeostasis

divided into:
a. sympathetic: fight or flight
b. parasympathetic: conserves and restores homeostasis