Bio Lecture 4 Exam

Front 1

3 Xanthine Alkaloids

Back 1

Caffine, Theobromine, Theophyline

Front 2

6 Things Xanthine Alkaloids do

Back 2

Stimulate central nervous system

Increases heart rate

Increases blood pressure

Increases urine production

Dialates bronchioles in lungs

Promotes alertness/endurance

Front 3

How much caffine is safe?

Back 3

200-300mg per day

Front 4

Caffine is possibly good for you. It reduces risk of what 3 diseases?

Back 4

Parinsons, dementia, type II diabites

Front 5

Coffee's native region

Back 5

Ethiopia

Front 6

Part of coffee plant used?

Back 6

Seeds

Front 7

7 places coffee is grown today

Back 7

Brazil, Colombia, mexico, Ethiopia, Vietnam, indonesia, india

Front 8

Coffee Arabica is what % of worlds coffee

Back 8

70

Front 9

Coffee arabica is grown where?

Back 9

On mountains, 1000-2000 mi up

Front 10

Coffee Canephora, or robusta has a _______ caffine content

Back 10

Higher

Front 11

Cofee Canephora is grown where?

Back 11

lower elevation, 0-700 M

Front 12

Europe coffee houses sprang up in paris in what year?

Back 12

1645

Front 13

London coffee houses sprang up when?

Back 13

1650-1675

Front 14

From tree to store (Coffee process)

Back 14

1.Berries picked and seeds removed

2. Seeds fermented

3. Dried and shipped

4.Roasted @ 450 degrees F

5. Ground

Front 15

What is the most expensive coffee?

Back 15

Civet Coffee

Front 16

In decaf coffee how much of the caffeine is removed?

Back 16

97%

Front 17

What is the caffeine taken out of decaf coffee used for?

Back 17

Soft drinks

Front 18

Instant coffee was invented when and by who?

Back 18

1901, Japanese Americans

Front 19

in 1907 instant coffee reached its peak at ______ of us consumption

Back 19

1/3

Front 20

Cacao (Theobroma Cacao) part of plant used

Back 20

Seeds

Front 21

Native region of Cacao

Back 21

Centeral america and northern south america

Front 22

#1 producer of cacao today?

Back 22

West Africa, more specifically Ivory Coast.

Front 23

From tree to store Cacao

Back 23

1. Pods split open and seeds removed

2.Seeds "fermented"

3.Dried and shipped

4.Roasted at 256 degrees F

5. Cotyledons ground into oily paste

6. processed into bitter chocolate, caco butter, powdered Cocoa

Front 24

Native region of Tea

Back 24

China, India, myanmar

Front 25

Where is tea grown today?

Back 25

India, china, srilanka, indonesia

Front 26

Oolong Tea is popular in

Back 26

Southern China and Tiwan

Front 27

Oolong tea has a ______ fermentation process

Back 27

short

Front 28

Type of caffeinated tea

Back 28

Mate- from south american Holly

Front 29

2 types of caffeine free tea

Back 29

Red Tea- from south african legume

Herbal Tea- from variaty of plants

Front 30

What % of cacao found in early 2000's was linked to plantations using child labor?

Back 30

40%

Front 31

Alcohol is formed by

Back 31

the action of fungi on sugars from a variety of plants

Front 32

What sugar is used commercially to form Alcohol?

Back 32

Yeast genus Saccharomyces (sugar fungus)

Front 33

Wine is produced from the fermentation of

Back 33

fruit juice

Front 34

Beer is produced from the fermentation of

Back 34

grains/ starchy staples

Front 35

Spirits are produced by the distillation of

Back 35

wine or beer

Front 36

Wine grape is native to

Back 36

Eurasia

Front 37

Wines are generally what % alcohol?

Back 37

9-14%

Front 38

What kills alcohol levels above 15% in wine?

Back 38

Yeast

Front 39

Fortified wines have a ______ alcohol content at _____%

Back 39

Higher, 15-21%

Front 40

Beer process

Back 40

1.Starch is converted to sugar

2. Malting of grain creates enzymes that break starch into maltose

Front 41

Typical grain used in brewing

Back 41

Barley

Front 42

Beer is flavored with

Back 42

hops, female inflorecence of hop vines

Front 43

Beer is averaged at _____% alcohol

Back 43

5

Front 44

Spirits are made by

Back 44

distilling fermented product to increase alcohol content (40-50%)

Front 45

Distilation is based on

Back 45

lower boiling point of ethanol compared to water

Front 46

Proof=

Back 46

2x alcohol percent 80 proof= 40%

Front 47

Brandy is

Back 47

distilled wines aged in oak barrels after distilation

Front 48

Whiskey is

Back 48

distilled grain beers that are aged in chared oak barrels

Front 49

Gin and vodka are

Back 49

disstilled at @ high alcohol concentrations so nearly tasteless until flavored `

Front 50

tequilla is from

Back 50

juice of blue agave

Front 51

what percent of all prescribed medicines in the U.S have active compounds from plants?

Back 51

25%

Front 52

Major Drug classes (3)

Back 52

Alkaloids, steroids, glycosides

Front 53

Nightshade famiy

Back 53

mandrake, belladonna

Front 54

Tropane alkaloid

Back 54

depress the parasympathetic nervous system by competing with acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter)

Front 55

pupil dialation

Back 55

Atropine used to therapeutically dilate eyes

Front 56

Solanaceae drugs

Back 56

nicotine, capsaicin from red pepers

Front 57

Foxglove

Back 57

Treatment for congestive heart failure

can cure dropsy

digoxin and digitoxin from leaves

Front 58

Salicin

Back 58

glycoside from willow bark that reduces pain and fever

Front 59

who developed asprin in 1899?

Back 59

Bayer

Front 60

Quinine

Back 60

alkaloid from bark of cinchona that is a treatment for malaria (kills parasite and prevents initial infection)

Front 61

Quinine history

Back 61

started in south america, countess of spain got malaria, gave her the bark, claimed control of it.

Front 62

Reserpine

Back 62

alkaloid extracted from root of indian snakroot

Front 63

What was used in mid 20th century to calm schizophrenics?

Back 63

Reserpine

Front 64

Ephedrine

Back 64

alkaloid extracted from stems of ephedra

Front 65

what is ephedrine popular for

Back 65

energy booster and fat burner

Front 66

Vinca Alkaloids extracted from

Back 66

leaves of madagascar periwinkle

Front 67

vinblastine and vincristine proved useful in treading what two diseases?

Back 67

Hodgkins lymphoma and childhood lukemia

Front 68

Pacific yew was originally extracted from

Back 68

taxol in bark

Front 69

Pacific Yew is used to treat

Back 69

breast, ovarian, lung and other cancers

Front 70

Synthetic taxol now comes from

Back 70

needles of pacific yew

Front 71

Ginkgo improves what?

Back 71

circulation to brain, concentraition and memory

Front 72

St. Johns wort treats

Back 72

mild to moderate depression

Front 73

Ginsing increases

Back 73

energy and stimulates immune system

Front 74

Echinacea

Back 74

Stimulates immune system and is used as cold and flu preventative

Front 75

Valerian comes from

Back 75

roots of valerian

Front 76

Valerian promotes

Back 76

relaxation and sleep

Front 77

Depressans

Back 77

dull mental awarness, reduce physical performance, induce sleep

Front 78

Stimulants

Back 78

excite and enhance mental alertness and physical activity

Front 79

Hallucinogins

Back 79

produce changes in perception

Front 80

Marijuana is a

Back 80

mild hallucinogin

Front 81

Marijuana is native to

Back 81

central asia

Front 82

Marijuana is extracted from

Back 82

leaves and female flowers

Front 83

Opium poppy alkaloids (3)

Back 83

codine, morphine, heroin

Front 84

Opium Poppy is native to

Back 84

southern europe and western asia

Front 85

Opium Poppy is extracted from

Back 85

latex in developing fruits

Front 86

Morphine reduces

Back 86

pain

Front 87

Codeine is ______ as strong as morphine

Back 87

1/5th

Front 88

Codeine is commonly combined with

Back 88

acetaminophen or asprin for moderate pain relief

Front 89

Codeine is a potent

Back 89

cough suppresent thats midly euphoric and can be addictive

Front 90

Heroin is a semi synthetic derivitive of

Back 90

morphine

Front 91

In the late 1800's herion was sold

Back 91

over the counter

Front 92

Coca is an alkaloid of

Back 92

cocaine

Front 93

coca is natvie to

Back 93

andes of south america

Front 94

coca is extracted from

Back 94

leaves

Front 95

Most illegal poppies are grown in

Back 95

afghanistan, pakistan, iran, loas colombia

Front 96

Which drug is linked to swiss lake dwellers?

Back 96

opium poppies

Front 97

Tobacco is native to

Back 97

central america

Front 98

Peyote is an alkaloid of

Back 98

mescaline

Front 99

peyote is native to

Back 99

chihuahuan desert of texas and mexico

Front 100

what part of the peyote is eaten?

Back 100

stem

Front 101

kava is native to

Back 101

islands of south pacific

Front 102

kava is a

Back 102

ceremonia and social drink of pacific islanders

Front 103

kava was popular in the us and europe in the 1990s as

Back 103

relaxation and to treat anziety

Front 104

Morning Glory alkaloids

Back 104

lysergic acid derivatives

Front 105

Poison Hemlock (what is it, alkaloid, use)

Back 105

Herbaceous weed

alkaloid- coniine

used to make tea that killed socrates

Front 106

Poison Hemlock native region

Back 106

Eurasia but now found in US

Front 107

Wild parsnip (What is it, what does it do)

Back 107

Herbaceous weed, photosensitizes skin so when you come in contact with it and then with the sun it causes burns/blisters

Front 108

Castor bean is a __________ native to _____ long cultivated for its _______

Back 108

Large herb, africa, oil

Front 109

The protien ricin is extracted from the ________ of castor bean

Back 109

seeds

Front 110

Lethal dose of Castor bean

Back 110

less than 1mg

Front 111

Milkweed is a

Back 111

herbaceous weed with milky sap

Front 112

milkweed is fed on

Back 112

by larva of monarch butterfly

Front 113

Apricot and apple seeds release

Back 113

cyanide in cells which inhibits resperation

Front 114

Dumbcane is a

Back 114

house plant

Front 115

dumbcane contains

Back 115

calcium oxalate crystals

Front 116

Crystals of dumbcane do what?

Back 116

get stuck in throat and mouth causing burning/swelling

Front 117

Wood nettle is a native herb of

Back 117

moist shady woods

Front 118

Stinging hairs on woodnettle stem and leavesiject

Back 118

histamine like irritant

Front 119

Wood nettle causes

Back 119

burning stinging sensation that lasts for about 20 minutes followed by itching

Front 120

spring allergies come from

Back 120

trees

Front 121

summer allergies come from

Back 121

gasses

Front 122

fall allergies come from

Back 122

ragweed

Front 123

Plant poisons used as insecatcides

1.pyrethrin

2. rotenone

3. nicotine

Come from

Back 123

1. chrysanthemum

2.tropical legume

3.tobacco