Bio 110 Lab Frog Skeletal System

Front 1

Classifications of frog skeleton

Back 1

1. Cranial skeleton or skull

2. Postcranial skeleton

Front 2

Parts of cranial skeleton or skull

Back 2

1. Neurocranium or braincase

2. Upper jaw

3. Lower jaw

4. Hyoid apparatus

Front 3

Parts of postcranial skeleton

Back 3

1. Axial system

- vertebral column

- sternum

2. Appendicular system

- pectoral girdle and forelimbs

- pelvic girdle and hindlimbs

Front 4

Back 4

Dorsal view of incomplete frog skeleton

1. Skull

2. Vertebral column

3. Pectoral girdle

4. Humerus

5. Radio-ulna

6. Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

7. Pelvic girdle

8. Femur

9. Tibio-fibula

10. Tarsals

11. Metatarsals and phalanges

Front 5

Back 5

Ventral view of incomplete frog skeleton

Front 6

Back 6

Frog skull: (1) dorsal (2) posterior (3) lateral (4) ventral

A. Fronto-parietal

B. Nasal

C. Orbital or eye sockey

D. Squamosal

E. Prootic

F. Exoccipital

G. Foramen magnum

H. Occipital condyle

I. Maxilla

J. Premaxillae

K. Parasphenoid

L. Paltine

M. Pterygoid

N. Lower jaw

Front 7

Foramen magnum

Back 7

- large hole at posterior end of skull

- where dissecting needle is inserted

Front 8

Occipital condyle

Back 8

- knob which serves as articulation with atlas (first vertebra)

Front 9

Back 9

A. Atlas

B-H. Typical vertebra

I. Sacral vertebra

J. Urostyle

K. Vertebral foramen

L. Keel of urostyle

M. Transverse process

N. Centrum

Front 10

Centrum

Back 10

- solid, basal part

- body of vertebra

Front 11

Neural arch

Back 11

- curved

- contains vertebral foramen

- where spinal cord passes

Front 12

Prezygapohysis and postzygapophysis

Back 12

- paired projections on dorsal anterior and posterior ends

Front 13

Transverse process

Back 13

- paired lateral elongated projections from vertebra except urostyle

Front 14

Back 14

Sternum and pectoral girdle

A. Clavicle

B. Coracoid

C. Epicoracoid cartilage

D. Xiphisternum

E. Xiphoid cartilage

F. Scapula

G. Suprascapula

H. Glenoid fossa

Front 15

Sternum

Back 15

- part of axial skeleton

- studied with pectoral girdle because of anatomical connection

Front 16

Glenoid fossa

Back 16

- concavity on each side of scapula

- articulates with head of humerus

- opening always points downward

Front 17

Humerus

Back 17

- long bone of upper arm

- head articulates with glenoid fossa

Front 18

Back 18

Humerus

A. Head

B. Deltoid ridge

C. Trochlea

Front 19

Back 19

Forearm

A. Radio-ulna

B. Carpals

C. Metacarpals

D. Phalanges

Front 20

Carpals

Back 20

- two rows of short bones articulating with radio-ulna

Front 21

Metacarpals

Back 21

- single row of bones next to carpals

Front 22

Phalanges

Back 22

- two to three rows of elongated bones that comprise digits

Front 23

Back 23

Pelvic girdle

A. Ilium

B. Ischium

C. Pubis

D. Acetabulum

E. Pubic symphysis

F. Ischiac symphysis

Front 24

Acetabulum

Back 24

- concavity at center of pelvic girdle which articulates with head of femur

- ilium, ischium, pubis

Front 25

Symphysis

Back 25

- immovable joint

- pubic and ischiac are formed by fusion of two bones

Front 26

Femur

Back 26

- long bone of thigh

Front 27

Back 27

Femur

A. Head

B. Trochlea

Front 28

Back 28

Tibio-fibula

- two bones fused in midline

- inner tibia, outer fibula

Front 29

Back 29

Foot

A. calcaneum or fibulare

B. astragalus or tibiale

C. Metatarsals

D. Phalanges

E. Calcar

Front 30

Tarsals

Back 30

Calcaneum and astragalus

Front 31

Astragalus

Back 31

- oriented on same side as calcar

Front 32

Calcar

Back 32

- rudimentary 6th digit

Front 33

Upper jaw

Back 33

- premaxilla

- maxilla