Bio 100 Exam 3

Front 1

Who is Mendel, what did he do, what organism did he use in his experiments?

Back 1

Gregor Mendel; Austrian monk, worked with garden pea plants in 1860s.

Puzzling results, Mendel's model compatible with evolution

Front 2

Cystic Fibrosis

Back 2

-Autosomal recessive disorder

-Mutation and CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis

Front 3

Huntington's Disease

Back 3

-Autosomal dominant disorder

-Progressive degeneration of neurons in brain

-Patients appear normal until the middle ages

-testfor presence of gene

Front 4

Which sex determines the sex of the child?

Back 4

X - Male

Front 5

Genotype for someone who is homozygous dominant?

Back 5

AA

Front 6

Polygenic Inheritance

Back 6

-Trait is governed by 2 or more sets of alleles

-Result in continuous variation-bell-shaped curve

Front 7

Codominance?

Back 7

Another type of inheritance that differs from Mendel's findings because more than one allele is fully expressed.

Front 8

What is pleiotrophy?

Back 8

-Single genes have more than one effect

-Martan Syndrome is due to production of abnormal connective tissue

Front 9

CH. 11

What is complementary base pairing?

Back 9

A with T and G with C

Front 10

Why is DNA considered "semiconservative"

Back 10

New DNA molecule is made of one parent strand and one new strand

Front 11

Bases in DNA

Back 11

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine

Front 12

Bases in RNA

Back 12

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cyotsine

Front 13

What is transcription?

Back 13

-Complementary RNA is made from a DNA template

-Portion of DNA unwinds and unzips [RNA Polymerase]

-Bases join in the order dictated by the sequence of bases in DNA

Front 14

What is translation?

Back 14

-tRNA brings in amino acids

-

Front 15

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Back 15

mRNA- send out amino acids

tRNA- transfer the amino acids

rRNA- assist

Front 16

What is an anticodon?

Back 16

Group of 3 bases complementary to a specific codon or mRNA

Front 17

How many codons exist?

Back 17

64

Front 18

How many codons specify amino acids?

Back 18

61

Front 19

What is a stop and start codon?

Back 19

What starts and stops the sequence of the amino acid

Front 20

Where does translation occur?

Back 20

The cells cytoplasm

Front 21

What is the significance of the white eye trait in fruit flies?

Back 21

Temporarily blinded by light. (Easily)

Front 22

Where does transcription occur?

Back 22

Coupled with translation for prokaryotic cell, in eukaryotic, transcription occurs in the nucleus

Front 23

Ch. 12

Explain the difference between reproductive and therapeutic cloning?

Back 23

Reproductive cloning= more for endangered animals

Therapeutic cloning= Mature cells for treatment, mainly used in treating humans with illnesses/injuries

Front 24

What does PCR enable us to do that was not previously possible?

Back 24

Amplifies specific DNA sequences

Front 25

How many copies are created during each cycle of PCR?

Back 25

cycles over and over again doubling amount of DNA each cycle

Front 26

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

Back 26

-Separated samples by size

-Longer DNA strands migrate less on the gel

Front 27

What is DNA fingerprint?

Back 27

-Makes use of repeating

-Non-coding DNA segements

Front 28

What portion of DNA, coding or non-coding, is used to make this fingerprint?

Back 28

Non-coding

Front 29

Ch. 14

Who is Charles Darwin?

Back 29

Naturalist abroad in HMS Beagle; 5 years

Front 30

What was Darwin's primary role on the HMS Beagle?

Back 30

Mission to expand Navy's knowledge of natural resources foreign lands

-observations led Darwin to biological evolution

Front 31

Who was George Cuvier and what was his contribution to science?

Back 31

Founded paleontology

Front 32

What is the central dogma of Biology?

Back 32

DNA > RNA > Protein

Front 33

What is paleontology?

Back 33

Study of fossils

Front 34

Who was Lamarck and what was his contribution to science?

Back 34

Hypothesized that evolution occurs

-Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Front 35

What is bio-geography and what does it tell us about evolution?

Back 35

Study of distribution of life-forms on earth

Front 36

What is convergent evolution?

Back 36

Is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches

Front 37

What did Darwin observe on the Galapagos Islands?

Back 37

Each island had its own type of tortoise

-Long-necked tortoises in dry areas where food scarce

-Short-necked tortoises in moist regions with abundant food

Front 38

What holds two strands of DNA?

Back 38

Hydrogen bonds