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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When homozygous dominant individuals (RR) produce red flowers and homozygous recessive individual (rr) produce white flowers, but heterozygous individuals produce pink flowers, this is an example of ______________________.
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d) incomplete dominance
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When two alleles are expressed in a particular genotypes, such as the AB blood type, this is an example of which of the following?
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a) codominance
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A young man purports to be the long-lost son of a very wealthy older man who has recently died leaving a large unclaimed fortune. The man was AB type and his wife of many years was B blood type. The young man who claimed to be the man’s son was O blood type. Was the young man the son of the wealthy man?
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c) yes, if the wealthy man had this son out of wedlock and the boy’s mother was O blood type
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A person with which blood type can receive blood from donors with any blood type?
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c) Type AB
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When a single gene has the potential to cause multiple effects on an individual’s phenotype the effects of this gene are due to _____________________________.
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b) pleiotropy
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Hemophilia is an example of which of the following?
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b) pleiotropy
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Polydactyly is an autosomal dominant trait (i.e., not sex-linked). Everyone who does not show this trait is of what genotype?
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b) homozygous recessive
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What are the chances that two parents who are heterozygous for the polydactyly condition will produce a child is not affected by polydactyly?
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b) 25%
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When Darwin proposed the concept of natural selection (“descent with modification”), he used which of the following as the measure of natural selection?
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e) the difference in reproductive fitness among individuals within a population
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Fitness, in an evolutionary biology context, is best defined as which of the following
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a) those individuals that survive the longest d) those individuals who are able to mate the most often
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Which of the following areas of study were not known to Darwin and did not influence his formulation of natural selection?
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e) molecular biology and the study of DNA
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Early studies in comparative embryology revealed which of the following?
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b) Different species of animals are very similar to each other in their earliest stages of development d) The genes that control the earliest stages of embryonic development are the same in widely different species of animals
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Natural selection is a process that results in which of the following?
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d) when organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce that are individuals with other traits
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A population is best described by which of the following statements?
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b) a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place at the same time
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When natural selection acts to increase the frequency of certain traits within a population, biologists refer to this process as ________________________________.
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b) evolutionary adaptation
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How old was Charles Darwin when he set sail on the HMS Beagle in December of 1831?
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a) 22
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How many years did Darwin spend sailing around the world on the HMS Beagle?
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d) 5 years
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In what year did Charles Darwin publish On the Origin of Species?
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d) 1859
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Structures that are similar (among different species, i.e, the study of comparative anatomy) that are due to common ancestry are referred to as __________________.
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c) homologies
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arwin based his theory of natural selection on three observations. Which of the following is NOT one of those observations?
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c) Individuals with certain traits tend to have greater reproductive success than others without those traits
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An allele is best defined as which of the following?
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b) an alternative form of a gene
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Which of the following is one of the conditions put forth by Hardy & Weinberg under which a population will not change (evolve) from one generation to the next.
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d) the population is very large
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What is the process called when evolutionary change happens at random, when there is no natural selection involved, primarily in small populations?
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What is the process called when evolutionary change happens at random, when there is no natural selection involved, primarily in small populations?
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An inherited characteristic that enhances the fitness of an individual with this characteristic is called a/an _________________.
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b) adaptation
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In order to understand the influence of genes (versus environment) on a characteristic such as intelligence, it would be best to study which of the following?
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d) two identical twins raised in different environments
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Which of the following genotypes of a red blood cell will code for B type blood group?
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a) IBi and IBIB
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A young woman wins the lottery, but a man steps forward and claims to be her long-lost father. The young woman has O-type blood and is Rh negative. The young woman’s mother has O type blood but she is Rh positive. The man has A type blood and is Rh positive. Under which of the following conditions can it be ruled that the man is not the young woman’s father
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a) the man is IAIA for his blood type b) the man is homozygous dominant for his Rh alleles
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In the example of shrikes hunting flat-tailed horned lizards in your text (and in lecture), what was the morphological difference between the surviving lizards and those that were captured by shrikes?
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c) The surviving lizards had longer side and rear horns than those that were preyed upon
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When the principal resources for a population are concentrated in relatively small areas, you would expect individuals of the population to have which of the following types of distributions?
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Clumped
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Which of the following terms best represents the growth trend of the world’s human population?
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d) exponential
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When resources constrain the continued growth of a population, it can be assumed that this population is undergoing _______________ type of growth.
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logistic
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As population carrying capacity is approached, species with ___________ life histories are thought to be favored.
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a) equilibrial
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Which of the following best defines the concept of carrying capacity?
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c) The maximum number of individuals of a given species that a habitat/ecosystem can sustain.
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Which of the following best describes the concept of intra-specific competition?
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a) Competition among individuals of the same species living in a particular area for a particular resource.
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When we discuss the demographics of a particular population, which of the following characteristics of the population is being referred to?
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a) how many people of different age groups there are in the population
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When we see a particular population pyramid with a large base, which of the following will most likely be true of that population?
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b) it will continue to grow as the not yet reproductive individuals become reproductive b) it will continue to grow as the not yet reproductive individuals become reproductive
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Population growth is best predicted by looking at which of the following factors?
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The difference between birth rates and death rates
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Which of the following best describes the concept of a population in demographic transition?
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the time when birth rates are dropping toward lower death rates
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Which of the following is not one of the key life history traits we discussed during lecture?
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b) average life span
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Humans are said to have a Type ___ survivorship curve which is typical of a species with a ____________ life history.
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e) I; equilibrial
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A species that comes to sexual maturity early in their short life, reproduces once or twice yet produces many offspring during these reproductive events, and provides little or no parental care would be most likely to have which of the following survivorship curves?
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c) Type III
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When NPP (net primary production) capacities are taken into consideration, some studies believe that the carrying capacity of the Earth might be ___________ billion people.
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e) 21
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Which of the following statements is true according to your textbook?
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High population growth rates are correlated to low income and low women’s literacy
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Which of the following is the best term for a population-limiting factor that whose effects intensify as the density of the population increases?
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density-dependent factor
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A logistic model of population growth is really a description of __________________________.
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a) intra-specific competition
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When something occurs that causes the growth of a population to be limited regardless of how many individuals are present in that population, this type of factor is best referred to as a __________________________ factor.c) density-independent
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c) density-independent
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In an example of density dependent factors, as the number of breeding pairs of birds called great tits increased the average clutch size ______________________.
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d) decreased
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Population cycles among species where exponential growth is followed by sharp declines in population size are thought to be ________________ in nature.
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c) common
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Which of the following best states what has happened to commercial fisheries between 1950 and 2003?
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a) nearly 1/3 of all fishery stocks had collapsed with little hope of recovery
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Not including the one that we may be at the start of now, how many mass extinctions have occurred in the past 600 million years on Earth?
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c) 5
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What percentage of all species that have ever lived have gone extinct?
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99
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Which of the following best fits the following definition: “an assemblage of species living close enough together for potential interaction.”
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d) a community
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Which of the following types of species interactions is considered to be beneficial for both species?
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b) mutualism
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When plants are consumed by an animal for the benefit of this animal this is referred to as ____________.
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d) herbivory
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When one species is able to avoid predation by looking or acting like another species which is toxic this is termed ______________.
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mimicry
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The similarity of color patterns between an eastern coral snake and a scarlet king snake is an example of which of the following?
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warning coloration
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Certain chemical compounds found in plants and used by humans as medicines (i.e., strychnine, morphine, mescaline) or spices (cloves, cinnamon, rosemary, basil, mints of all sorts) or in other ways (nicotine) evolved as a way to avoid which of the following?
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herbivory
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Plants, because they produce their own food by means of photosynthesis, are termed ____________ and in the context of trophic structure are referred to as __________________.
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autotrophs; producers
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Those animals that consume only plants as a food source are termed _____________ in the context of trophic structure.
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primary consumersc
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Animals that prey solely on other animals that eat only plants would generally be considered both _____________ and _______________.
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carnivores & secondary consumers
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Animals that get their food from a wide range of trophic levels, including other animals and plants, would best be referred to as _____________________.
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scavengers
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When different species that share a similar resource (food, shelter areas, etc.) and they divide this up so as to avoid direct competition with each other, this is termed _______________________.
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) niche partitioning
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Species that opportunistically feed on carcasses left behind by predators (or speeding cars) are called _____________.
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scavengers
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What percentage of all animal species is thought to be parasites?
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30
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When we observe energy transfer between different trophic levels from producers to primary consumers, secondary consumers, etc., what percentage of energy that is available at any one trophic level never makes it to the next trophic level?
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90
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Given you have the right answer to the above question, a piece of fertile ground that can supply food for 10 vegetarians (vegans, truthfully) would only be able to supply food for how many purely meat eating individuals (does such a person really exist?)?
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1
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Which of the following best defines the process of biological magnification?
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d) the increased concentration of toxic substances that are not metabolized as they pass up the food chain
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