Bio 100 Exam 2

Front 1

Plasma Membrane:

Back 1

Regulates what goes in and out of the cells.

Front 2

Nucleus:

Back 2

Tells the cell what to do; Contains chromosomes that are made up of DNA

Front 3

Mitochondria:

Back 3

Creates Energy (ATP)

Front 4

ATP:

Back 4

Adenosine Triphosphate

Front 5

Ribosomes:

Back 5

Make proteins

Front 6

Rough ER:

Back 6

Protein synthesis, preparation and movement

Front 7

Smooth ER:

Back 7

Lipid synthesis, preparation and movement

Front 8

Golgi Apparatus:

Back 8

Packages and sends off proteins and lipids

Front 9

Vesicles:

Back 9

Are the transporters

Front 10

Exocytosis:

Back 10

Moves waste and toxins out of the cell.

Front 11

Endocytosis:

Back 11

Absorbs nutrients and brings them in the cell

Front 12

Lysosomes:

Back 12

Digest compounds

Front 13

Cytoplasm:

Back 13

Fluid inside plasma membrane

Front 14

Organelles:

Back 14

Structures that carry out all of these specialized functions

Front 15

Difference between plant and animal cells:

Back 15

Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts

Front 16

Vacuole:

Back 16

Storage of water, starch, oils, and crystals

Front 17

Chloroplasts:

Back 17

Captures light energy, converts to chemical energy

Front 18

LEO

Back 18

Lose electrons oxidize

Front 19

GER

Back 19

Gain electrons reduce

Front 20

Photosystem II

Back 20

Breaks apart water

Front 21

Electron Transport Chain

Back 21

Transports electrons and hydrogens out

Front 22

Photosystem I

Back 22

NADPH is formed

Front 23

ATP Synthase

Back 23

ATP is formed

Front 24

Calvin Cycle

Back 24

1. Carbon Fixation

2. Reduction Phase

3. Carbohydrate Formation

4. Regeneration Pahse

Front 25

Stroma

Back 25

Space around thylakoids

Front 26

Carbon Fixation

Back 26

CO2 binds with RuBP sugar with the help with Rubisco. 6 carbon molecules split into 2 3-carbon molecules called PGA

Front 27

PGA

Back 27

3-Phosphycerate

Front 28

G3P

Back 28

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate

Front 29

Reduction Phase

Back 29

3 PGA is converted into G3P using energy from ATP and NADH

Front 30

Carbohydrate Formation

Back 30

G3P is converted into glucose and turned back into RuBP

Front 31

Regeneration Phase

Back 31

3 Cycles to regenerate 3 RuBP and continue the cycle

Front 32

Stroma

Back 32

Where the calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplasts

Front 33

Cellular Respiration

Back 33

1. Glycolysis

2. Prep Reaction

3. Citric Acid Cycle

4. Electron Transport Chain

Front 34

Where does the Prep reaction and citric acid cycle occur?

Back 34

Matrix

Front 35

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

Back 35

Cristae

Front 36

What are Glycolysis inputs and outputs?

Back 36

Inputs: Glucose

Outputs: Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Front 37

What are the Prep Reactions inputs and outputs?

Back 37

Inputs: 2 Pyruvate

Outputs: 2 CO2, 2 NADH

Front 38

What are the inputs and outputs for the Citric Acid Cycle?

Back 38

Inputs: 2 Carbons

Outputs: 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH, 4 CO2

Front 39

Inputs and outputs for electron transport chain?

Back 39

Inputs: NADH, FADH

Outputs: NADH, FADH

Front 40

Fermentation:

Back 40

Happens when there is no oxygen

Front 41

How many net ATPs does Fermentation and Cellular respiration produce?

Back 41

Fermentation: 2 Net ATP

Cellular respiration: 38 net ATP

Front 42

Chromosome

Back 42

Two identical sister chromatids

Front 43

Nucleosome

Back 43

Made up of 8 proteins called histones

Front 44

DNA wraps around what?

Back 44

Histones

Front 45

DNA is composed of what?

Back 45

1. Sugar Phosphate backbone

2. Nitrogenous base

3. Hydrogen Bond

Front 46

What types of nitrogenous bases are there?

Back 46

1. Adenine

2. Thymine

3. Cytosine

4. Guanine

Front 47

How do the nitrogenous bases pair?

Back 47

A - T and C - G

Front 48

Cell Cycle

Back 48

1. Interphase

2. Mitosis

3. Cytokinesis

Front 49

G0 Phase

Back 49

Eternally in interphase - Never reproduces unless cell is damaged or needs repair

Front 50

G1 Phase

Back 50

1. Organelles double in number

2. Checkpoint

Front 51

S-Phase

Back 51

Synthesis of copied DNA

Front 52

G2 Phase

Back 52

Development of microtubules

Checkpoint

Front 53

M-Phase

Back 53

1. Splits all of the stuff

Front 54

Prolapse

Back 54

1. Chromosomes condense

2. Nuclear envelope degrades

3. Centrioles and spindle fibers form

4. Spinder fibers attach to chromosomes

5. Centrioles move to opposite ends

Front 55

Metaphase

Back 55

1 Chromosomes align in the middle

Mitosis checkpoint

Front 56

Anaphase

Back 56

Chromatids pull apart

Front 57

Telophase:

Back 57

1 Spindle fibers and centrioles disappear

2 nuclear envelope reforms

3 division of cytoplasm begins

Front 58

Cytokinesis

Back 58

Cleavage furrow - Pinches 2 cells in half