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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DEFINE: Attachment
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'A strong and reciprocal emotional bond with another person.'
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TALK ABOUT: Klaus & Kennell (1976)
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Argued that immediate physical contact with the baby is important for forming a bond. Also argued that mothers who cuddled their baby in a critical period enjoyed better relationships. |
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DEFINE & TALK ABOUT: Motherese
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Snow & Furguson (1977) Identified distinctive language patterns demonstrated by adults conversing with babies. Characterised by short, simple sentences made up of slow, high pitched and repetitive sounds. |
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TALK ABOUT: Interactional Synchrony
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Condon & Sander (1974) Noted how babies would coordinate their actions in time with adult speech, taking turns to contribute to the conversation. Actions could include turning their head, smiling and reaching etc. |
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WHAT IS: Behavioural Continuity |
Psychologists argue that we can generalise from animals because we have evolved from them and some behaviour is the same.
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STUDY: Harlow & Harlow (1959)
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Baby monkey had 2 'mother' monkey figures (1wire that gave food, 1soft that did not). Baby spent less than 1hr a day on wire and up to 17hrs on cloth mother. When in fear, baby ran to the cloth mother. Concluded that physical contact and warmth seems more important than food in bonding. |
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STUDY: Ainsworth & Bell (1971)
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Infant/caregiver interaction - Strange Situation Looked at 100 middleclass infants and their mothers. Experienced 8 episodes of approx. 3 minutes. Exploration, separation and reunion behaviour was observed. 3 levels of attachment found: avoidant, ambivalent and secure. |
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DISCUSS: Dollard & Millar
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Function of Attachment / Survival / Food Cupboard love - suggests that we form attachments with those who feed us, can be explained via conditioning. Babies learn to associate their mother with food and comfort. |
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DISCUSS: Lorenz
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Function of Attachment / Survival / Imprinting Separated a group of geese eggs, half stayed with mother, half with him. Made himself visible from the birth. Noted that the geese that he stayed with would follow him around not the mother. |
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DISCUSS: Bowers (1979) Communication Theory
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Function of Attachment / Survival / Speech Argued that infants formed their attachments selectively - not necessarily with those who spend the most time together. Bond formed with those who can understand them/their cries better. |
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TALK ABOUT: Internal Working Model
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A hypothetical internal structure whereby the child mentally represents the attachment relationships and the partners involved in it.
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