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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define The Term Separation Protest |
When a baby is distressed and cries when away from their primary caregiver. |
Distress, Crying |
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Define The Term Stranger Anxiety |
When a baby is distressed when in the presence of an unfamiliar person. |
Distressed |
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What Is A Secure Attachment Type? |
A relationship based on trust and security and a child wishes to interact with its caregiver. |
Trust and Security |
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What Is An Insecure Avoidant Type? |
When a child is independent of a caregiver. |
Independent |
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What Is An Insecure Ambivalent Type? |
When a child can be clingy and demanding, yet awkward with the caregiver at the same time. |
Double Characteristics |
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What Did Bowlby Mean When He Said That Attachments Are Instinctive? |
Attachments are natural and automatic. |
Innate |
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Define The Term Monotropy |
An attachment with one primary caregiver. |
One |
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Define The Term Critical Period |
The first three years of a child's life when an attachment has to take place or there will be long term consequences. |
Three Years |
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Define The Term Privation |
When an attachment is never formed. |
Never |
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What Are The Effects Of Privation? |
Children could develop poor social, language and motor skills. |
Poor ______ Skills |
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Define The Term Deprivation |
When an attachment is broken because of separation. |
Broken |
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What Are The Effects Of Deprivation? |
It can make children clingy and over demanding. They may develop a phobia of going to school. |
Insecure Ambivalent Characteristics Phobias |
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What Are The Criticisms Of Bowlby's Theory? |
- Bowlby believed in a monotropy but his critics say that children can develop multiple attachments. -Critics say that the critical period for attachments is too extreme. - Bowlby believed that the effects of deprivation are irreversible but his critics say that they can be reversed. |
- Monotropy -Critical Period -Deprivation |
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How Is The Behaviourist Theory An Alternative Theory To Bowlby's? |
Attachments are formed as a result of learning and experience rather than instincts. |
Opposite Of Instinctive |
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Define The Term Reinforcement |
Learning by consequences. |
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How Do Babies Learn To Form Attachments Through Reinforcement? |
If an infant interacts with its caregiver (gazing, smiling or crying) they are likely to get attention which acts as a reward and reinforces the attachment. |
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What Other 'Rewards' Reinforce An Attachment Between A Baby And A Primary Caregiver? |
Food, comfort and keeping the child safe. |
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How Is Forming An Attachment Rewarding For A Caregiver? |
Having a child that interacts with you, relies on you, loves you and is happier in your company, acts as a reinforcement for the caregiver. |
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What Happens If A Caregiver Neglects Or Abuses The Child? |
There is nothing rewarding so they don't form an attachment and they may even see the relationship as punishment so avoid it. |
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What Method Was Used To Conduct Hazen & Shaver's Study? |
A questionnaire. |
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What Sampling Technique Was Used? |
Opportunity Sampling Technique. |
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How Was The Study Advertised? |
It was advertised as a 'love quiz' in a local newspaper. |
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What Was The Age Range Of The Participants? |
14 - 82 |
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What Two Variables Were Measured In The 'Love Quiz'? |
- Whether they had a secure attachment, insecure avoidant or insecure ambivalent attachment as an infant. - Their attitudes towards their relationships as an adult. |
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How Many Questionnaires Did Hazen & Shaver Receive? |
1,200 replies. |
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How Many Questionnaires Were Analysed? |
620. |
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What was The Most Common Attachment Type In Childhood? |
Secure Attachment ~ 56% |
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If Someone Reported A Secure Attachment During Childhood, What Relationship Did They Have As Adults? |
Happy, friendly relationships. They were also more accepting and supportive of their partners despite their faults. |
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If Someone Had An Insecure Avoidant Attachment As A Child, What Relationship Did They Have As Adults? |
They experienced highs and lows in their relationships and were prone to jealousy. They were more likely to say that they could get along fine on their own. |
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If Someone Had An Insecure Ambivalent Attachment As A Child, What Relationship Did They have As Adults? |
They were prone to obsessions. They experienced extreme sexual attraction but also extreme jealousy. They were most likely to experience divorce out of the three attachment types. |
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What Was The Conclusion Of Hazen & Shaver's Study? |
There's a clear relationship between types of attachment during childhood and the type of intimate relationships they behave during adulthood. |
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What Are The Limitations Of Hazen & Shaver's Study? |
- The sampling method might've given an unrepresentative sample. - Questionnaires rely too much on respondents giving honest and accurate answers. - The questionnaire used closed questions which might not have given enough depth. |
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What Does Research Into Attachment Suggest? |
The way primary caregivers care for their children can have a significant impact on their development throughout life. |
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What Are The Limitations Of Hazen & Shaver's Study? |
- The sampling method might've given an unrepresentative sample. - Questionnaires rely too much on respondents giving honest and accurate answers. - The questionnaire used closed questions which might not have given enough depth. |
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What Does Research Into Attachment Suggest? |
The way primary caregivers care for their children can have a significant impact on their development throughout life. |
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What Used To Happen To New Born Babies In Hospitals 50 Years Ago? |
They were taken away from their mother immediately after birth. They were kept in separate wards from their mothers for almost a week. |
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How Have Hospital Policies Changed As A Result Of Research Into Attachment? |
Hospitals encourage bonding between the mother and the child. For example, they're given to their mothers straight away for skin to skin contact. |
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Why Have Hospitals Changed Their Visiting Hours Policies? |
In response to Bowlby's research into hospitalisation in the 50s where he found that children go through damaging stages when separated from their mothers. These are protest, despair and detachment. |
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What Other Real Life Situation Is Of Interest In This Application? |
The care of children in nurseries and whether it is good or bad for a child's development. |
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