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598 Cards in this Set
- Front
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Furazolidone resistant |
Micrococcus |
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Pyridoxal medium |
Abiotrophis |
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Common error in pcr |
Nucleic acid contamination |
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Mchc formula |
Hgb x 100 / hct % |
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Gram positive bacilli with spores |
Bacillus spp |
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Hyposegmented neutrophils |
Pelger-huet |
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Necessary for vitamin b12 absorption |
Intrinsic factor |
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Highest incidence of heteditary hemochromatosis |
Caucasians |
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Ulex europeaus |
To confirm bombay |
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hh genotype |
Bombay phenotype |
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Beriberi |
Thiamin deficiency |
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Tegison |
Permant deferral |
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Front type AB...back type O |
Cold autoantibody |
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Best assay for phenochromocythamine |
Metanephrines |
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Testicular cancer |
Beta hcg |
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Parents A and B |
Kids possible.. A B O AB |
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IAT indirect antibody test |
Detects antibodies in the plasma |
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Virulence factor for n. Gonorrhea |
Pill, endotoxins, capsule |
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Resistent to penicillin and aminoglcosides |
Enterococci |
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Gentamicin resistant |
Entercoccus |
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Reactive mono seen in |
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
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Test to differentiate between Providencia and Morganella |
Citrate |
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Hepa A virus |
Stool ag, IgM ab, IgG ab |
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Modified Hodge test, carbapenemase pos |
Impenem resistant |
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Favors growth of anaerobic gram negative bacilli |
Vitamin k and hemin |
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Has immunoglobulin surface marker |
B lymphocytes |
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Amylase maybe normal if trigs are decreased |
Pancreatitis |
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Moth ball ingestion |
Heinz bodies |
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A zygomycetis without rhizoids |
Mucor |
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Hba1c decreased in.. |
Iron deficiency anemia |
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Urease method for Bun |
Nad |
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Cystic fibrosis patients culture for… |
Burkholderin |
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LAP = 0 |
Chronic myleogenous leukemia |
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Blood gas exposed to air |
Co2 decreased PO2 increased |
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Creatinine clearance is reported in |
Ml/min |
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Clue cells are |
Squamas epis |
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False high result during sweat collection |
Evaporation |
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Breach of the blood brain barrier |
Csf/albumin index |
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Decreased serum phos seen in.. |
Patients on carbohydrate hyperlumenation |
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Elevated anion gap do.. |
Bun, Creat, urinalysis, Sal, and Methanol |
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Blood gas exposed to air for 30 mins.. |
Increased p02 Decreased hc03 |
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Iron decreased TIBC increased |
Iron deficiencey anemia |
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90% of copper is bound to |
Ceruloplasmin |
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Tropin complex |
Trop c, Trop I, Trop T |
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Hemoglobin H disease results from .. |
Abscence of 3 to 4 alpha genes |
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Conjugated bili is a major serum component of |
Biliary obstruction |
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In flow cytometry analysis of right angle provides info of cell.. |
Granularity |
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Modified acid fast stain |
Nocardia species |
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Tropin is longests cardiac enzyme elevated for… |
10 days |
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Myoglobin is first enzyme to elevate in MI for.. |
24hrs |
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CK is elevated in MI for.. |
3 to 4 days |
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Cortisol increased in |
Cushing syndrome |
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Quality test for autoclave |
Spore test weekly with B. Stearothermo |
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Vi antigen |
Salmonella typhi |
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EBV |
Infectious Mono |
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CMV |
Disease of immunocompromised hosts |
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Rickettsia |
Weil Felix reaction |
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Cryptococcus Neoformans |
India ink |
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Virion |
Complete virus particle |
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Specific test for E. Coli |
Indole test |
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Auer rods seen in |
AML |
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Hypersegmented neutrophils |
Megaloblastic anemia |
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Most common leukemia in children.. |
ALL Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia |
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Osmotic fragility increased in.. |
Hereditary sphereocytosis |
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PT detects defects in… |
Extrinsic and common pathways |
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Anti-Thrombin III |
Heparin cofactor. Deficiencies associated with Thrombosis |
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Increased LAP |
Polycythemia Vera and leukemoid reactions |
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Decreased LAP |
CML |
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Antigens destroyed with the use of enzymes.. |
M, N, Ss, Duffy |
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Antigens enhanced with enzymes… |
RH, Kidd, Lewis, P |
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Leukocyte redued rbcs given to .. |
Patients with a history of febrile reaction |
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Cold agglutination syndrome |
I, P1 |
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Anti-dsDNA |
SLE |
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Anti-Mitochondrial |
Biliary cirrhosis |
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Indirect flourescent ab |
T. Palidium |
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Heterophile abs |
Test for mono |
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Anti-HBS |
Recovery and immunity |
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Butchers cut |
E. Rhusiopathine |
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Reyes syndrome |
Test for ammonia |
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Transudates are usually.. |
Non-inflammatory |
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In delayed hemolytic anemia and transfusion reactions, hemoglobinuria occurs when.. |
Haptoglobin is depleted |
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Reacts with pheno… at ph 9.6 |
Pagets disease (ALP) |
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Defect in PNH |
CD 59 |
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% iron sat formula |
(Serum iron / TIBC) *100 |
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Fbs 120 2hr 140 |
Impaired glucose |
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CD4 |
Inducer |
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Anti-mitochondrial |
Primary biliary cirrhosis |
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Cat scrath |
Bartonella Henselae |
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Metabolite of cocaine |
Benzolecogonine |
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Gram pos bacilli Non motile Non hemolytic Cat positive Spore forming |
Bacillus Anthracis |
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Anti IgG is neg C3d is pos |
Do prewarm |
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Streptokinase therapy |
D-dimer |
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Sensitivity formula |
[Tp/(Tp + Fn) ]* 100 |
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Ca 19.9 |
Pancreatic Mass |
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Lysine Decarboxylate |
Salmonell pos Citrobactor neg |
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Fat cell, waxy cast, rbc cast |
Nephrotic syndrom |
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Renal tubular and epi cell casts |
Acute tubular necrosis |
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Majority of CLL |
B lymphocytes |
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Eye conjunctivitis |
Chlamydia Tachonmics? |
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Biliary obstruction |
ALP |
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Giant platelets |
Bernard Soulier Syndrom |
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Hair baiting test |
Differentiate between T. Rubrum and T. Mentagrophytes |
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EPO below normal |
Polycythemia Vera |
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PTH normal Ionized Ca increased |
Metastatic Carcinoma |
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Favic Chandelier |
T. Schoenleinii |
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False positive protein in strip |
Radiographic dye |
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Neisseria Lactamica |
Lactose pos |
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TIBC measures |
Iron bound transferrin |
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Rast |
Specific IgE |
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RIST |
Total IgE |
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Her 2/neu measured by |
FISH/IHC |
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Surfactant fetal lung maturity |
Phosphatidylglycerol |
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Anti-Smooth Muscle ab |
Chronic Active hepatitis |
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Hepatitis marker present in acute infection.. |
IgM anti-Hbc |
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Teardrop |
Myelofibrosis Metaplasia |
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Howel jolly bodies |
Wright stain |
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Treatment for patient with Warfarin toxicity |
Vitamin K |
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18% rectics observed on wright stain.. |
Do a Heinz body stain |
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Show dosage for |
Anti-M |
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Ssu antibodies appear in the presence of |
GYPB |
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Latex agglutination for staph aureus detects |
Protein A and clumping factor |
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Lupus anticoagulant causes |
Thrombosis |
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Cause of a false negative ABO |
Red cells positive for DAT |
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Irreversable phase of platelet aggregation |
Release of ADP |
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Rheumatoid factor |
IgM that binds to the Fc portion of abnormal IgG |
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Turbidimetry |
Measures reduction in light by particles in suspension |
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Nephelometry |
Light is measured similar to Turbidimetry but at an angle |
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Spectrophotometry |
Chemical reactions produce a colored substance of a particular wavelength. Amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to concentration of the analyte |
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Fluorometry |
Atoms absorb light of specific wavelength and emit light of longer wavelenght… lower energy |
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Atomic absoprtion spectrophotometry |
Measures light absorbed by ground state atoms |
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Diabetes diagnosis |
Fbs greater than 126 2 hour glucose greater than 200 |
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Impaired fasting glucose |
100 to 124 fasting 140 to 199 2 hour |
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Transferrin saturation formula |
(100 x serum iron) / tibc |
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Prealbumin |
Indicator of malnutrition. Binds thyroid hormones and retinol binding protein |
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Albumin |
Major contributor to oncotic pressure. Binds bilirubin, steroids, and fatty acids |
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Acute inflammation |
Alpha 1 and alpha 2 increased |
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Cryoglobulins |
Ig that reversibly precipitate at cold temperatures. |
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Anion gap calculations |
Na - ( cl + hco3)… 7 to 16 range (Na + k) - ( cl+hco3)… 10 to 20 range |
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Metabolic acidosis |
Hco3 decreased Pco2 normal Ph decreased |
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Metabolic alakalosis |
Hco3 increased Pco2 normal Ph increased |
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Respiratory acidosis |
Hco3 normal Pco2 increased Ph decreased |
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Respiratory alkalosis |
Hco3 normal Pco2 decreased Ph increased |
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Ph electrode |
H ion sensitive glass elwctrode containing Ag/AgCl wire in electrolyte of known ph |
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pCO2 electrode |
Ph electrode covered with a membrane permeable to CO2 |
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pO2 electrode |
Platinum cathode and Ag/AgCl anode covered with semipermeable membrane. |
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Tsh |
First test for screening. If normal, no further testing |
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Free T4 |
Second step in thyroid function if TSH is abnormal |
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Free T3 |
Tested when TSH is decreased and FT4 is not incresed |
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Primary hypothyroidism |
FT3 decresed FT4 decreased TSH increased |
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Secondary hypothyroidism |
FT3 decreased FT4 decreased TSH decreased |
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Hyperthyroidism |
FT3 increased FT4 increased TSH decreased |
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T3 thyrotoxicosis |
FT3 increased FT4 normal TSH decreased |
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Pseudocholinesterase deficiency |
Increased sensitity to muscle relaxants called choline esters. |
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Specificity formula |
100 x ( TN/TN+FP) |
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The smaller the CV |
The greater the precision |
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Micrococcus |
Gram positive Glucose oxidizer Resistant to lysostaphin Resistant to furazolidone |
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Staphylococcus |
Gram positive Glucose fermenter Sensitive to lysostaphin Sensitive to furazolidone |
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Virulence factor of n. Meningitidis |
Polysaccharide capsule Endotoxin Pili |
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Virulence factor of n gonorrhoeae |
Pili Adhesions IgA protease |
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Salmonella |
Ldc pos Onpg neg Kcn neg |
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Citrobacter |
Ldc neg Onpg pos Kcn pos |
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Differentiate between y. Pestis and y enterocolitica |
Motility |
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Septic shock |
Endotoxins on the lps portion of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria |
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MUG test |
E coli |
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Modified hodge test |
Test to identity carbapenemase production in enterobacteriaceae |
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ESBL Extended spectrum b lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae |
Resistant to all cephalosporins, penicillins, and axtreanam. |
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Brucella |
Isolated from blood cultures positive the firstb2 weeks of febrile illness. Plates held for 3 weeks. |
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B fragilis group |
Rapid growth stimulated by bile in media |
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Tap water bacillus |
M. Gordonae |
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Actinomyces |
Cells are branching and diphtheroid in appearance |
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Leptospira |
Growth in fletchers artificial media |
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Walking pneumonia |
M. Pneumoniae treated with erthromycin, doxycycline, or fluoroquinotones. Penicillin doesnt work since it has no cell wall. |
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Gold standard test for rickettsioses |
IFA (indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay) |
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Coccidioides spp and h capsulatum |
Greatest hazard for laboratory personnel |
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Microsporum audouinii |
Swelling terminally on hyphae |
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Microsprum gypseum |
Fusiform conidia |
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Microsporum canis |
Spindle shaped macroconidia |
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Epidermophyton floccosum |
Beavers tail |
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Trichophyton rubrum |
Peg shaped microconidia Neg hair baiting tets |
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
Grape like microcondia Cigar shaped macroconidia Pos hair baiting test |
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Blastomyces dermatitidis |
Large broad based budding yeast. |
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Coccidioides immitis |
Sperules containing endospores |
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Sporothrix schanckii |
Small cigar shaped yeast Rosette pattern |
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Viral specimens |
4 degrees C storage for 5 days 6 days or longer store at -20c or -70c |
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Viral samples |
Should be placed on ice and sent immediately to lab |
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Strongyloides |
Involves autoinfection |
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Acanthamoeba kertitis |
Homemade saline and contact lens |
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Mature trophozoites and schizonts are not seen in peripheral blood |
Plasmodium falciparum |
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Cryptosporidiosis |
Modified acid fast method stains the oocysts bright pink to red |
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DNA |
Stores human genetic information and dictates the amino acid sequences of peptides and proteins. The purine bases are adenine and guanine, the pyrimidine bases are cytosine and thymine. Adenine pairs with thymine with 2 hydrogen bonds and cytosine pairs with guanine with 3 hyrodgen bonds. |
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Pcr template |
DNA region to be amplified. |
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Pcr 2 oligonucleotide primers |
Short segments of ssDNA designed to hybridize to template strands. |
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Pcr thermostable DNA polymerase |
Tag polymerase. Extends primers on each template strand by adding dNTPs |
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Pcr deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) |
Building block from which DNA polymerase synthesizes a new strand of DNA, dATP, dGTP, dTTP, dCTP |
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Optochin resistant |
Strep viridans |
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Lysine deaminase negative |
Yellow |
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E. Coi trophozoite motility |
Pseudopod |
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Aspergillus |
Found in immunocompromised diabetic patient sinuses |
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Bacitracin test doubtful.. |
Do PYR |
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Serratia marcescens |
Dnase test pos |
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Mucoid colony Lactose fermenter Indole pos |
Kleb oxytoca |
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Gram neg diplococci Lactose, maltose, dextrose, and sucrose pos |
N. Lactamica |
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Scotch tape method |
E. Vermicularis |
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No sugar fermented Gram neg diplococci Oxidase pos |
Moraxella catarrhalis |
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RPR test for Treponemes |
FTA-ABS |
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Resistant to Optochin |
Viridans strep |
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Gliding motlity |
Capnocytophaga sp |
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Yellow smooth colony on EYA, AFB |
M. Gordonae |
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Rapid grower AFB |
Arylsulfatase pos |
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Virulence factor for B. Anthracis |
Exotoxin |
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NFO Not flouresce Non motile |
B. Mallei |
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P. Aeruginosa like organism in cystic fibrosis |
B. Cepacia |
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H. Pylori |
Gastris, rapid urease |
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Cryptospridium stain |
Kinyoun AFB |
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E. Cloacae |
Indole neg Citrate pos Lysine neg Ornithine pos Xanthine pos |
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High risk to lab personnel |
C. Immitis |
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Motility of Listeria is seen at |
Room temp |
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Fusiform macroconidia |
M. Canis |
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Vancomycin suseptible Penicillin resistant |
MRSA |
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Bile esculin positive spp |
Group D strep |
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Moraxelle catarrhalis |
Dnase neg Tributyrin HOH pos Reduced nitrate pos Oxidase pos |
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Favic chandelier |
T. Schoenleini |
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In familial hypercholesterolemia tha hallmark finding is an elevation of |
LDL |
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Serum overnight refrigerated has a creamy layer over turbid serum |
Chylomicrons and VLDL |
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Blood gas with bubble exposed to air |
Po2 increased Pco2 decreased |
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Unless blood gas measurements are made immediately after sampling in VITRO glycolsis of blood causes |
Fall in the PH and a rise PCO2 |
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Dipstick glucose |
Double sequential enzyne |
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Dipstick bilirubin |
Diazo |
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Dipstick ketones |
Sodium nitroprusside reaction |
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Dipstick S.G. |
PKA change of polyelectrolyte |
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Dipstick P.H. |
Double indicator system |
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Dipstick protein |
Protein error of indicators |
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Dipstick blood |
Pseudo perixoidase activity of hgb |
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Dipstick urobilinogen |
Ehrlich's reaction |
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Dipstick nitrate |
Greiss reaction |
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Dipstick leuko |
Esterase reaction |
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T. Test |
Accuracy and mean |
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F. Test |
Precision and s.d. |
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Bilirubin scan for HDN |
^A450>.025 |
|
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Alpha feto protein < 2.0Mom |
Neural tube disorders |
|
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Amniostat Fetal Lung Maturity |
Phosphotigycerol |
|
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G-6-PD |
Drug induced hemoltic anemia |
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5- nucleotidase |
Hepatic disorder |
|
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Aldolase |
Skeletal muscle disorder |
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Acid phosphatase (acp) |
Prostatic carcinoma |
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Angiotensin converting (ace) |
Blood pressure regulation |
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Ck elevation in ami |
4 - 8 hrs onset 12-24 hrs peak 3-4days duration |
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Plt estimation |
Count 10 feilds and add together Divide by 10 Multiply result bu 20,000 |
|
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Pic of stomatocytes |
Liver disease |
|
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Pic of orange spikey rbcs |
Faulty drying |
|
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Pic of blood smear with agglutination |
Cold agglutins |
|
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Same pic of agglutinated rbcs |
Organism is mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Mom is AB- baby is O + |
Get a new sample |
|
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Patient with lesions on arms |
Sporothrix schenkili |
|
|
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Sample taken from indwelling cath. Patient not on anti coagulant. Pt and ptt elevated. |
Heparin contamination |
|
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Second irreversable step in platelet aggregation |
Release of ADP |
|
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Mannitol positive |
Staph arueus |
|
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Potassium permanganate in rhodamin stain |
Quenching agent |
|
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|
Storage for CSF for next day culture |
Incubate at 35°c |
|
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Patient with pheumatic disease developes AGN. Renal biopsy recovers.. |
S. Pyogenes |
|
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Group D strep BE positive Nacl neg |
S. Bovis |
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Blood group that deteriorates upon storage |
P |
|
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Urine P.H. less than 4.5 |
Renal tubular acidosis |
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Distick glucose pos Clinitest neg |
Glucose |
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Fecal fat tests are affected by |
Weight and extraction |
|
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Post pandial turbidity |
Lipoproteins |
|
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Comparison of 2 means |
T. Test |
|
|
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Urine bili neg Urobil increased Unconjugated bili increased |
Hemolytic anemia |
|
|
|
Lifetime marker of mbv infection |
Anti- HBc |
|
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Anti A neg Anti B mf Acells neg Bcells neg |
Bx subgroup |
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Mother type O- with anti d, anti c, anti I, anti lea Child A+ with pos dat |
Give baby O- without C, I, and Lea antigens |
|
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Only 390ml collected from donor |
Only packed rbcs |
|
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HBsAg immunization |
6 month deferred |
|
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Le (a+b-) |
Lea |
|
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Pt prolonged Ptt prolonged Tt prolonged Fib 150 |
Acute DIC |
|
|
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Normal wbc Normal plts .1% retics |
Pure red cell aplasia |
|
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Tsi acid slant Acid butt Oxidase pos |
Aeromonas |
|
|
|
To differentiate P. Aeruginosa from other Pseudomonas |
Growth at 42°c |
|
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Csf formula |
Cells counted x dilution ---------------------------------- Squares counted x .1 |
|
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Adrenal cushing |
Cortisol increased Acth decreased |
|
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|
Lupis anticoagulant |
Increases thrombosis |
|
|
|
Phenochromocytomia |
Test for metanephrines |
|
|
|
Sodium is decreased Osmo and other electrolytes normal |
Perform sodium using ISE |
|
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Cushing syndrom |
Hyperglycemia? |
|
|
|
Co factor in over 300 enzymes? |
Magnesium.. (and zinc) |
|
|
|
Zygomycetes |
Aseptate hyphae with sporangiospores |
|
|
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Pic of teardrop rbcs |
Dna deficiency |
|
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Anti A 4+ Anti B 0 Acells 1+ Bcells 3+ |
Test patient serum with sungroup A1 |
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Anti A 4+ Anti B 0 Acells 0 Bcells 0 |
Immunodeficiency |
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Tox screen for 6yr old has increased acetaminophen |
Do alt and ast |
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ANA shows speckled pattern Anti sm neg Anti rnp neg Anti ssdna neg Anti ssa pos Anti ssb pos |
Sjogren’s syndrom |
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Ahg 3+ 3+ Auto absorption is 2+ |
Do ab id with enzymes |
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HIV |
Decreased CD4 |
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Mother and baby budding |
Blastoconidia |
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Kidney shaped Gram neg cocci |
N. Gonorrhea |
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Dipstick neg Ssa pos |
Protein other than Albumin |
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ALP |
Biliary onbsruction |
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EPO below normal |
Polycythemia Vera |
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Most potent activator enzyme |
Mag or zinc |
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Eos on Lap score |
Not counted |
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Longer wavelenght emission |
Fluorometer |
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Surfactant fetal lung maturity |
Phosphatidalglycerol |
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Anti smooth muscle ab |
Chronic active hepatitis |
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Patient with acute hepatitis infection |
IgM anti-HBc |
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Pic of bilirubin crystals |
Liver disease |
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Anti microsomal |
Hashimoto’s |
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Pic of rbcs with target cells, echinocytes, and dacryocytes. |
Strongly oxidative drugs |
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Pic of ana staining pattern centromere |
Scleroderma with crest |
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TIBC indirectly represents |
Transferrin level |
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Viral sample for sendouts |
Place in loefflers serum slant and refrigerate |
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Sugar fermented by n gonorrhea |
Glucose |
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Positive control for anti-c and negative for anti-fya |
Heterozygous Cc for anti-c |
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Result of unfilled EDTA |
Decreased microhematocrit |
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Pt normal Ptt 50 Mixing studies 47.9 Gall bladder surgery |
Factor XII assay |
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Pic of burr cells |
Uremia |
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Multichannel analyzer Enzymatic qc low Non enzymatic qc in range |
Instrument temp too low |
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Lewis antibody |
Is absorbed by plasma |
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Pink colonies in mac Indole neg Citrate pos |
E. Cloacae |
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Monocytosis is seen in |
Tuberculosis |
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Obstructive jaundice with pancreatic mass |
Ca19-9 |
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Ptt abnormal Pt norm Fib norm |
Do factor XII assay |
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Urobilinogen |
Colorless product of bilirubin metabolism |
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Speckled pattern |
Anti sbb Anti rnp Anti sm |
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Several weeks of pharyngitis What is found in kidney biopsy? |
S. Pyogens |
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Carbon dioxide ion electrode measures |
PCO2 |
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Ph measurements need |
Ph with known buffer at constant temp |
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Heparin manganeae is used to |
Precipitate non hdl |
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Advantage of MALDI LOF MS |
rapid sensitivity |
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Wbc count differs between 2 instruments |
Lyse resistant rbcs |
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Adrenal. Cushing syndrom |
Tsh decreased Cortisol increased |
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Sezary syndrom |
T cell lymphoproliferation |
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Donor on aspirin |
Deffered for 36hrs if for plateletpherisis |
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Rcvd Rh immunoglobulin |
6 month deferred |
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|
Test for aids? |
Cd4 count |
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Rbcs surrounding a wbc |
Rosette |
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Permant deferral |
Positive for Aids Positive for hepatitis Being imprisoned Traveled to UK or westetn Europe Currently infected with flu |
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Rule out using homozygous cells |
In antibody id panels |
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Target cells present in |
Patients with hgb E and beta thalassemia trait |
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Burr cells ( echinocytes) |
Uremia and liver disease |
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Rh null phenotypes have osmotically fragile cells which take the form of |
Stomatocytes |
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Phenotype A |
Possible Genotypes AA or AO |
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Phenotype B |
Possible Genotypes BB or BO |
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Phenotype AB |
Possible Genotype AB |
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Phenotype O |
Possible genotype OO |
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MCV |
MCV=HCT%/rbc x 10 |
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MCH |
MCH=HGB/rbc x10 |
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MCHC |
HGB/HCT x 100 |
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Biliary obstruction |
ALP elevated GGTP elevated Conjugated bilirubin elevated Pt and INR maybe prolonged |
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Hgb C harlem |
Can sickle like Hgb S |
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IAT |
Detect antibodies in the plasma |
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Blood gas exposed to air |
Pco2 decreased Ph increased |
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DAT |
AHG reagent used to detect pre existing antibodies on rbcs |
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Reverse transcriptinase |
RNA dependent DNA polymerase |
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Hct 37% |
Deffered donor |
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Specimen for blood analysis |
Heparinized syringe with a rubber stopper |
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Amicillians |
Act on cell wall |
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|
Borrelia burdorferi |
Causes lyme disease |
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Acute leukemia |
Many blast cells |
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Extrinsic pathway |
Factor VII Factor II Activated by external trauma Quicker acting than other pathways |
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Intrinsic pathway |
Activated by internal trauma Factor XII Factor XI Factor IX Factor VIII |
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Creatinine clearance |
urine creat x urine vol ----------------------------- CrCl= ----------------------------- Serum creat x time Serum creat x time |
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|
Low incident Ag usually not present on Ab screen or panel cells |
Wr2 |
|
|
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Cells produce immunoglobulins in response to antigenic stimulation |
Plasma cells |
|
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|
Pic of tropical spruce in peripheral blood |
Megaloblastic anemia |
|
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A leukemoid reaction is an increase in peripheral blood cells associated with |
An extreme infectious response |
|
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|
In storage pool disease plts are deficient in |
ADP |
|
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Mom is A+ dad is O- baby has HDN from |
Anti-c |
|
|
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Acid hemoglobin electropheresis false positive solubility test caused by |
Hyperlipidemia |
|
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False negative HgB S solubility caused by |
Inadequate number of rbcs or low hct |
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Shift |
Improper calibration 6 or more pts either side of mean |
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Trend |
Determination of reagents |
|
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The smaller the CV |
The greater the precision |
|
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|
Lewis blood group antigens |
Are not synthesized by rbcs |
|
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Phosphorous is inversely related to |
Calcium |
|
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Hyponatremia with a high osmo is associated with |
Hyperglycemia |
|
|
|
TSI acid slant Acid butt Oxidase pos |
Aeromonas |
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|
|
Indole neg ADH pos |
E. Cloacae |
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|
|
TB testing for PPD |
T cell mediated type 4 hypersensitivity |
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|
|
Carbon dioxide ISE measures |
CO2 content |
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|
|
Cushing syndrome |
Hyperglycemia |
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|
|
Lysine decarboxylase |
Salmonell from citrobacter |
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|
|
Meat cutters or butchers disease |
E. Rhusiopathiae |
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Anti microsomal |
Hashimoto |
|
|
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Excess urine on test strip can cause a false acid urine due to run off of |
Citrate buffer |
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|
|
Overnight fasting glucose of 45mg/ml |
hypoglycemia |
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|
Hba1c measures |
Glucose over 6 to 8 weeks or 1.5 to 2 months |
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|
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Blood sample taken after exercise |
Elevated lactic acid and pyruvate |
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|
|
Blood ph 7.40 ration to bicarb is |
20:1 |
|
|
|
Blood gases on ice with aur bubble for 30mins |
Increased PO2 Decreased HCO3 |
|
|
|
Normal ck levels found in |
Hepatitis |
|
|
|
Testicular cancer |
AFP |
|
|
|
If blood gases are not measured immediately after collection, in vitros glycolysis causes |
Decreased Ph Increased PCO2 |
|
|
|
Automated blood gases analyzers directly measure |
Ph PCO2 PO2 |
|
|
|
The LD assay reaction depends upon |
NAD/NADH |
|
|
|
The Bessy Lowry-Brock method for ALKP |
Paranitrophenyl phosphate substrate |
|
|
|
After the removal of rbcs, Hgb is broke down into |
Iron, protophorphyrin, and globin |
|
|
|
Dat is performed in |
Acquired hemolytic anemia |
|
|
|
Patient has Rbc. 6.5 Hgb 13 Hct 39 Mcv 65 Mch 21.5 Mchc 37 |
Thalassemia minor |
|
|
|
Ringed sideroblasts Nuclear budding Howell jolly bodies |
Erythrolukemia |
|
|
|
Hgb H decreases is a result of |
The absence of 3 and 4 alpha genes |
|
|
|
Thailand native has : Normal hgb Hgb electropheresis shows 70% HgBA2 30% hgb with motility of HgB A2 |
E.trait |
|
|
|
Leukoerythroblastosis |
Varying degrees of leukocytosis with a shift to the left with occasional nrbcs |
|
|
|
Associated with Pseodo pelger huet anamoly |
Myelogenous leukemia |
|
|
|
Philadelphia chromosome neg |
Leukoerythroblastosis in myelofibrosis |
|
|
|
Hemorrhage in Polycythemia Vera is the result of |
Abnormal plt function |
|
|
|
Hairy cell leukemia |
Leukemia of the lymphocytic origin |
|
|
|
Associated with Alder-Reily inclusions |
Mucopolysaccharides |
|
|
|
MCHC of 36 is found in |
Hereditary sphereocytosis, lipemic samples, and active colg agglutins disease |
|
|
|
Characteristics of a platelets disorder |
Mucose membrane hemorrhage |
|
|
|
40 yr old woman with bleeding disorder Pt norm Ptt prolonged Factor VIII decreased Factor VIII ag marked decreased Plt count normal |
Von Willibrands Disease |
|
|
|
In an estimate from a laser cell counter, clumped plts may interfere with |
Wbc count |
|
|
|
To isolate Campy jejuni and E. Coli fecal specimen should be cultured using |
Selective media Reduced O2 Added Co2 at 42°c |
|
|
|
Patient with pneumoccol meningitidis is not responding to therapy |
Do oxacillin disk diffusion |
|
|
|
Testing for prenatal group B strep use a |
Vaginal/rectal swab not a vaginal swab |
|
|
|
Gram stain of blood cultures shows dark blue spheres in clusters, pale yellow colonies do: |
Catalase and coagulase test |
|
|
|
Respiratory disease patient sample cultured on blood agar, beta-hemolytic gram pos cocci found. Next step.. |
Test with bacitracin |
|
|
|
3 gram neg lactose fermenters |
E. Coli Kleb Enterbacter |
|
|
|
S. Aureus in stool |
Normal flora stool |
|
|
|
Cd4 inducer |
Osmolarity |
|
|
|
Major difference of Kinyoun and Zn? |
Process |
|
|
|
Autoclave |
Steam under pressure 121°c for 15mins |
|
|
|
Dermatophytes |
Macrocondia and microconidia |
|
|
|
Lysostaphin resistant |
Micrococcus |
|
|
|
CAMP is doubtful do.. |
Hippurate |
|
|
|
Treponema seen in |
Urethal discharge of male and female |
|
|
|
Optochin resistant |
S. Viridans |
|
|
|
Bloody diarrhea |
EHEC |
|
|
|
H. Influenzae |
Satelitism and V factor |
|
|
|
Lysine deaminate neg |
Yellow |
|
|
|
Differentiate Sal. Enteri from Sal. Paratyphi |
H25 |
|
|
|
If bacitracin test doubtful do |
PYR |
|
|
|
Serratia Marcescens |
Dnase test pos |
|
|
|
Mucoid colony Indole pos Lactose fermenter |
Kleb. Oxytoca |
|
|
|
Pic of curved organism |
Curvulana |
|
|
|
No sugar fermented Gram neg diplococci Oxidase pos |
Moraxella catarrhalis |
|
|
|
Gliding motility |
Capnocytophaga sp |
|
|
|
Rapid growth AFB |
Arylsulfatase pos |
|
|
|
Virulence factor for B. Anthracis |
Exotoxin |
|
|
|
S. Maltophilia difference from other NF gram neg rods? |
Oxidase neg Dnase pos |
|
|
|
NFO Not flouresce Non motile |
B. Mallei |
|
|
|
P. Aeruginosa like organism in cystic fibrosis |
B. Cepacia |
|
|
|
H. Pylori |
Gastritis Rapid Urease |
|
|
|
Cryptospridium stain |
Kinyoun AFB |
|
|
|
Fusiform macroconidia |
M. Canis |
|
|
|
Neonatal aids |
If western blot and HIV viral load is indeterminate do.. |
PCR |
|
|
Western blot is repeated after.. |
6 weeks 3 months 6 months |
|
|
|
Standardization of MH agar? |
Adjust PH to 7.2 |
|
|
|
Presumptive gram test for Neisseria will be accepted if.. |
Growth of colony on chocolate agar |
|
|
|
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
Growth 3 weeks Lowenstein |
|
|
|
Blood cultures no growth 24hrs? |
Incubate 21 days incase of brucella |
|
|
|
Best screening for rotovirus? |
Electron microscope and EIA |
|
|
|
PCR sequence |
Denaturation Annealing Elongation/Extension |
|
|
|
Lifetime marker of HBV infection? |
Anti - HBC |
|
|
|
Pic of trophozoite with ingested rbc |
Entamoeba Histolytica |
|
|
|
Mec A |
The gene responsible for oxacillin resistance in staph |
|
|
|
Enterococci |
Are intrinsically resistant to aminoglcosides |
|
|
|
CNA |
Selective for gram pos bacteria |
|
|
|
PEA |
Selective for gram pos cocci and anaerobic gram neg rods |
|
|
|
Chromogenic media |
Media suitable for the differentiation of organisms with color production |
|
|
|
Microsporum Audouinil |
Swelling terminally on hyphae |
|
|
|
Microsporum gypseum |
Fusiform Filamentous tail |
|
|
|
Microsporum canis |
Spindle shapwd macroconidia |
|
|
|
Epidermophyton floccosum |
Beavers tail |
|
|
|
trichophyton rubrum |
Peg shaped microconidia |
|
|
|
Coccidiodes immitis |
Hyaline arthoconidia |
|
|
|
Sporothrix schanckii |
Rosetta pattern |
|
|
|
T cells |
Cell mediated immunity Produce sensitized lymphs that secrete cytokines |
|
|
|
B cells |
Differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells. Are responsible for humoral immunity and antibody formation |
|
|
|
Helper/ Inducer T cells |
Cd 4 + = 2/3 of peripheral T cells Normal CD4 = 1000 ul/l In aids = <200 |
|
|
|
Cytotoxic/Suppressor T cells |
Cd8 = 1/3 of peripheral T cells Normal cd4/cd8 ratio is 2:1 In aids = .5:1 |
|
|
|
The basic structure of a immunoglobulin is.. |
A tetrapeptide consisting of two H and two L chains linked by disulfide bonds |
|
|
|
Ca125 |
Ovarian cancer |
|
|
|
Calcitonin |
Thyroid cancer |
|
|
|
CEA |
Tumors of gastrointestinal track |
|
|
|
Ca15.3 |
Breast cancer |
|
|
|
Bence jones protein |
Multiple Myeloma |
|
|
|
Beta 2 microglobin |
Lymphoma |
|
|
|
Ana homogenous staining pattern |
Rheumatoid disorders SLE at high titers SLE, RA, Sjdrogens at low titers |
|
|
|
Ana peripheral staining pattern |
Sjdrogens SLE |
|
|
|
Ana speckled pattern |
Anti-smooth SLE |
|
|
|
Dat |
Is used to detect in vivo sensitization of rbcs |
|
|
|
Dat method |
Wash rbcs Add AHG If agglutination occurs then cells are coated with either IgG or complement. If IgG antibodies are detected then do Elution |
|
|
|
HBs ag |
Active hepatitis B infection |
|
|
|
IgM anti-HBc |
Acute hepatitis B |
|
|
|
Anti- HBs |
Immunity to hepatitis B |
|
|
|
HBV dna |
Viral load used to monitor effectiveness of therapy |
|
|
|
Anti-HBe |
Recovery from hepatitis B |
|
|
|
Total anti-HBc |
Current or past hepatitis B |
|
|
|
HBe ag |
Active hepatitis B infection with high degree of infectivity |
|
|
|
Glucose ranges |
Fbs up to 100 norm 100 to 125 impaired Fbs greater than 126 is diagnostic of DM |
|
|
|
2hr glucose value 200 or above |
Diagnostic of DM |
|
|
|
IgG |
37°c |
|
|
|
IgM |
Room temp |
|
|
|
HBs ag |
Active hepatitis B infection |
|
|
|
HBe ag |
Active hepatitis B infection with a high degree if infectivity |
|
|
|
Total anti-HBc |
Current or past hepatitis infection |
|
|
|
Anti - HBe |
Recovery from hepatitis B |
|
|
|
Anti-HBs |
Immunity to hepatitis B |
|
|
|
HBV dna |
Viral load to monitor hepatitis therapy |
|
|
|
Histamine |
Best known mediator of allergic inflammation |
|
|
|
Nested PCR |
Uses 2 pair of primers and 2 rounds of amplification |
|
|
|
Real time PCR |
Simultaneous amplifcation and dectection in sealed tube. Quantitative commonly used for detection of microorganisms |
|
|
|
Quantitative PCR |
ID and quantity of targets |
|
|
|
Multiplex PCR |
More than one set of primers so multiple targets can be amplified |
|
|
|
Reverse transcript PCR |
Amplifies mRNA. RNA is first converted to cDNA by reverse transcriptase. Measures viral loads of HIV and HCV |
|
|
|
E. floccosum |
Beavers tail |
|
|
|
T. Rubrum |
Peg shaped |
|
|
|
T. Mentagrophytes |
Cigar shaped |
|
|
|
Blastomyces derma |
Dumbell shaped |
|
|
|
C. Immitis |
Hyaline arthroconidia |
|
|
|
Sporothrix schancki |
Rosetta pattern |
|
|
|
M. Audouinil |
Swelling terminally on hyphae |
|
|
|
M. Gypseum |
Filament tail |
|
|
|
M. Canis |
Spindle shaped |
|
|
|
Coccidloids spp and h. Capsulatum |
Greatest hazard to lab personnel |
|
|
|
B. Fragilis grp |
Rapid growth in bile |
|
|
|
Actinomyces |
Branching diptheroid in appearance |
|
|
|
Spirochetes |
Use carbohydrates and amino acids as energy sources |
|
|
|
Leptospira |
Grow in artifical media like fletchers |
|
|
|
Potassium |
The major intracellular cation. Concentrations 20 times greater in the cell than outside. |
|
|
|
Sodium |
The most abundant cation in the ECF, representing 90% of all extracellular cations |
|
|
|
Calcium |
Involved in blood coagulation, enzyme activity, skeletal and cardiac muscle and blood pressure |
|
|
|
Phosphorus |
Inversly related to calcium. Essential for the insulin mediated entry of glucose into cells. |
|
|
|
ISE |
Uses a Valinomycin membrane. KCL is the inner electrolyte solution. |
|
|
|
AcP Roy reaction |
Thymolphthalein monophospate substrate. More specific for prostatic form |
|
|
|
If the salicylate anion is ingested |
Repiratory alkalosis occurs first, followed by mild metabolic acidosis |
|
|
|
Blood gas exposed to air |
Po2 increased Pco2 decreased Ph increased |
|
|
|
Blood gas room temp 30mins |
Po2 decreased Pco2 increased Ph decreased |
|
|
|
Strongyloides |
Involves autoinfection |
|
|
|
Renal blood flow |
Blood enters the capillaries of nephron through the afferent arteriole. It the flows through the glomerulus and into the efferent arteriole |
|
|
|
Glycosuria |
Occurs in the absence of hyperglycemia when reabsortion of glucose is compromised. This is renal glycosuria and is seen in end stage renal disease and cystinosis |
|
|
|
Dipstick leukocytes |
Detects leukocytes that have been lysed that dont appear in the microscopic exam. |
|
|
|
Urine eos |
Drug induced interstitial nephritis, UTI, and renal transplant rejection |
|
|
|
Acute interstitial nephritis |
Wbcs and wbc cast without bacteria |
|
|
|
Acute tubular necrosis |
RTE cells and RTE casts |
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrom |
Fatty and waxy cast, oval fat bodies, epi casts, RTE cells and hematuria |
|
|
|
Sjogrens syndrome |
Dry eyes, dry mouth. Speckled or homo ANA patterns, and rheumatoid factor |
|
|
|
Anti smooth muscle antibody |
Chronic active hepatitis Infectious mono |
|
|
|
McLeod antibody |
Kell null, Kx Chronic granulomatous disease |
|
|
|
Bone marrow pic |
Histoplama capsulatum |
|
|
|
Mold and yeast are best evaluated at |
Petri dish growth |
|
|
|
Afb stain pic |
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
|
|
|
Advantage of IGRAS for M. Tb? |
Persons who have rcvd the BCG vaccine |
|
|
|
Rouleaux |
Does not interfere with the AHG phase of testing because the patients serum is washed away prior to adding the AHG |
|
|
|
KB test |
Tests for fetal maternal hemorrhage. Principle is that fetal hgb (HbF) is resistant to acid elution, unlike adult hgb. |
|
|
|
Kell (K) |
Whites 9% Blacks rare |
|
|
|
Cellano (k) |
Whites 98.8% Blacks 100 |
|
|
|
Echange transfusion |
Blood for exchange should be ABO compatible and crossmatched with the morhers blood. It should be neg for any antigens the mother has produced. |
|
|
|
Blood collection |
Blood allowed to cool to room temp (20 to 24°c) if plts are to be repared or colled to 1° to 10°c if FFP is going to be prepared. FFP must be made within 8 hrs of collection. |
|
|
|
Plt apheresis |
6 to 10 random pltconcentrates 75% of plateletpheresis products must contain 3x10 to the eleventh power of plts. |
|
|
|
Cryo |
12 months frozen shelf life 6hrs after thawing 4 hrs after pooling Store at room temp after thawing |
|
|
|
Hemoglobinuria |
Presence of hgb in the urine freed from lysed rbcs. Occurs when hgb from disintigrating rbcs or rapid hemolysis of rbcs exceeds the ability of blood proteins to combine with the hgb |
|
|
|
Blood donor defferals |
Temp greater than 37.5 Hgb less than 12.5 Hct less than 38% Pregnant within last 6 weeks Recvd blood or tissue defer 1 yr 12month for most vaccines |
|
|
|
Permant defferals |
Hepatitis HIV T.cruzi HTLV Traveled to england, west europe Babesiosis Chagan disease |
|
|
|
Hepatitis B immune globulin |
12 month defferal |
|
|
|
12 month deferrals |
Mucos membrane exposure to blood Skin or needle penetration Sexual contact with hepatitis, hiv, hiv risk Incarcerated over 3 days History of syphillis or gonorrhea Hep B immune globulin vaccination |
|
|
|
Aspirin deferral |
3 days from taking aspirin if plts are to be prepared |
|
|
|
Naturally occuring |
ABO, Lewis, P1, MN, Lua |
|
|
|
Clinically significant |
ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU |
|
|
|
Bind complement |
ABO, I, Kidd, Lewis |
|
|
|
Cold agglutinins disease and mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Anti I |
|
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Associated with infectious mono |
Anti-i |
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Delayed transfusion reaction |
Kidd |
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Hyponatremia with a high osmo is associated with |
Hyperglycemia |
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Iron deficiency anemia |
Decreased iron, ferritin, and % saturation. Increased TIBC and transferrin. |
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Fusobacterium spp |
Gram neg bacillus Tapered end |
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Clostridium |
Gram pos Spireforming bacilli Cat neg |
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Bacillus sp |
Gram pos Spore forming bacilli Cat pos |
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Corynebacterium jelkeium |
Resistant to most treatments Use vancomycin |
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Nocardia spp |
Freshly plowed field odor |
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Borrelia burgdirferi |
Lymes disease |
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Trichophyton spp |
Birds on a fence |
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Feulgen stain |
Demonstrates the presence of DNA |
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Supravital blue |
Heinz bodies Retics |
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Serological test interpretations |
4 fold increase 10 to 14 days is diagnostic IgM ab is recent infection IgG ab is sign if immunity IgG ab in newborn is maternal ab |
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HBsAg neg Anti HBc neg Anti HBs neg |
Susceptible |
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HBsAG neg Anti HBc pos Anti HBs pos |
Immune because of natural infection |
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HBsAg neg Anti HBc neg Anti HBs pos |
Immune because of vaccine |
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HBsAg pos Anti HBc pos IgM anti HBc neg Anti HBS neg |
Chronically infected |
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IgG anti HBc |
Indicates past infection |
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IgM anti HBc |
Acute HBV infection Current or recent infection |
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RPR reactive FTA-ABS reactive |
Positive for syphillis |
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RPR reactive FTA-ABS nonreactive |
Negative for syphillis |
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RPR nonreactive FTA-ABS reactive |
Late, latent or previous syphilis |
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Passive agglutination |
Particles coated with antigens |
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Reverse passive agglutination |
Carrier particles coated with antibody |
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Lewis blood group |
Not synthesized by the rbcs Absorbed from the plasma onto the rbcs Generally IgM Not significant for transfusion medicine Frequent in pregnant women |
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Polyspecific AHG |
First test in DAT Determines IgG or compliment present |
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Monospecific AHG anti IgG |
Positive reaction suggests autoantibody bound in vivo to patients red cells, or transfused red cells, or matetnal ab bound to neonatal red cells |
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Monospecific AHG anti-C3d |
Suggests same thing as anti-IgG, or IgM ab or cold reactive ab |
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Branched chain DNA |
Signal amplification |
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Organophophate exposure |
Acetylocholinesterase inhibition |
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Serum from group O individuals contain |
Anti A, anti B, anti A1 and anti B1 |
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The most common genotype in RH neg individuals , both black and white, is |
r/r ( Cde/Cde) |
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Lectins |
Ptoteins in plants that bind specifically to carbohydrate determinants and agglutinates rbcs |
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Allogenic donor qualifications |
Age 16 plus Vol 10.5 ml/ kg 8 weeks after whole blood donation Blood pressure 90 to 180 sys And 50 to 100 dia Pulse between 50 and 100 |
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Corrected wbc for nrbcs |
(Wbc x 100 ) ÷ (nrbcs + 100) |
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Absolute |
(Relative % ÷ 100) x wbc |
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