Argumentation And Debate

Front 1

Adherence

Back 1

The informed support of others (usually decision makers)

Front 2

Decision Makers

Back 2

Those necessary for the implementation of the decision

Front 3

Claim

Back 3

A statement you want others to accept and act on (factual, value, policy)

Front 4

Issue

Back 4

The paralleling of two opposing claims stated as a question

Front 5

Issue

Back 5

The paralleling of two opposing claims stated as a question

Front 6

Proposition

Back 6

A claim that expresses the judgement that decision makers are asked to accept or reject (fact value or policy)

Front 7

Issue

Back 7

The paralleling of two opposing claims stated as a question

Front 8

Proposition

Back 8

A claim that expresses the judgement that decision makers are asked to accept or reject (fact value or policy)

Front 9

Support

Back 9

What it takes to get others to accept and act on your claim (evidence, values, credibility)

Front 10

Issue

Back 10

The paralleling of two opposing claims stated as a question. The "heart" of the argument.

Front 11

Proposition

Back 11

A claim that expresses the judgement that decision makers are asked to accept or reject (fact value or policy)

Front 12

Support

Back 12

What it takes to get others to accept and act on your claim (evidence, values, credibility)

Front 13

Argument

Back 13

A single unit comprising of a claim and it's support

Front 14

Criteria

Back 14

Standards, rules, algorithms, or tests on which a decision can be based

Front 15

Criteria

Back 15

Standards, rules, algorithms, or tests on which a decision can be based

Front 16

Toleration of Uncertainty

Back 16

The ability to accept that you must decide without being able to wait until you are certain

Front 17

Criteria

Back 17

Standards, rules, algorithms, or tests on which a decision can be based

Front 18

Toleration of Uncertainty

Back 18

The ability to accept that you must decide without being able to wait until you are certain

Front 19

Spheres

Back 19

Collections of people in the process of interacting on and making critical decisions (personal, technical, public)

Front 20

Criteria

Back 20

Standards, rules, algorithms, or tests on which a decision can be based

Front 21

Toleration of Uncertainty

Back 21

The ability to accept that you must decide without being able to wait until you are certain

Front 22

Spheres

Back 22

Collections of people in the process of interacting on and making critical decisions (personal, technical, public)

Front 23

Rhetoric

Back 23

Understanding an issue from all points of view and ways of thinking (consider audience, probability, and proof)

Front 24

Bases of Reason in Argumentation

Back 24

Starting points, language interpretation, facts, presumptions, probabilities, commonplaces

Front 25

Bases of Reason in Argumentation

Back 25

Starting points, language interpretation, facts, presumptions, probabilities, commonplaces

Front 26

Starting Points

Back 26

Understandings (concepts) people already possess

Front 27

Bases of Reason in Argumentation

Back 27

Starting points, language interpretation, facts, presumptions, probabilities, commonplaces

Front 28

Starting Points

Back 28

Understandings (concepts) people already possess

Front 29

Language Interpretation Strategies

Back 29

Understand what is being communicated

Front 30

Bases of Reason in Argumentation

Back 30

Starting points, language interpretation, facts, presumptions, probabilities, commonplaces

Front 31

Starting Points

Back 31

Understandings (concepts) people already possess

Front 32

Language Interpretation Strategies

Back 32

Understand what is being communicated

Front 33

Facts

Back 33

Empirical knowledge derived from observation or experience over which there is no controversy

Front 34

Bases of Reason in Argumentation

Back 34

Starting points, language interpretation, facts, presumptions, probabilities, commonplaces

Front 35

Starting Points

Back 35

Understandings (concepts) people already possess

Front 36

Language Interpretation Strategies

Back 36

Understand what is being communicated

Front 37

Facts

Back 37

Empirical knowledge derived from observation or experience over which there is no controversy

Front 38

Presumptions

Back 38

When one statement occupies the argumentative ground until some sufficient reason is presented against it

Front 39

Probabilities

Back 39

Commonly held beliefs about what is likely to happen, what is ordinary, and what is to be expected

Front 40

Probabilities

Back 40

Commonly held beliefs about what is likely to happen, what is ordinary, and what is to be expected

Front 41

Commonplaces

Back 41

Lines of argument from which the arguments can be built (topoi)

Front 42

Toulmin Model

Back 42

Claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal

Front 43

Toulmin Model

Back 43

Claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal

Front 44

Grounds

Back 44

Provide the primary source of support for the claim

Front 45

Toulmin Model

Back 45

Claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal

Front 46

Grounds

Back 46

Provide the primary source of support for the claim

Front 47

Warrant

Back 47

A general statement in the form of a value (backs up the grounds)

Front 48

Toulmin Model

Back 48

Claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal

Front 49

Grounds

Back 49

Provide the primary source of support for the claim

Front 50

Warrant

Back 50

A general statement in the form of a value (backs up the grounds)

Front 51

Backing

Back 51

Any support that provides more specific data for the grounds or warrant

Front 52

Toulmin Model

Back 52

Claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal

Front 53

Grounds

Back 53

Provide the primary source of support for the claim

Front 54

Warrant

Back 54

A general statement in the form of a value (backs up the grounds)

Front 55

Backing

Back 55

Any support that provides more specific data for the grounds or warrant

Front 56

Qualifier

Back 56

A statement that indicates the force of the argument

Front 57

Toulmin Model

Back 57

Claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal

Front 58

Grounds

Back 58

Provide the primary source of support for the claim

Front 59

Warrant

Back 59

A general statement in the form of a value (backs up the grounds)

Front 60

Backing

Back 60

Any support that provides more specific data for the grounds or warrant

Front 61

Qualifier

Back 61

A statement that indicates the force of the argument

Front 62

Rebuttal

Back 62

The basis on which the claim could be questioned by decision makers and the limits the arguer puts on that claim

Front 63

Reasoning Processes for Arguments

Back 63

Argument by logic, argument by generalization, argument by cause, argument by sign, argument by authority

Front 64

Reasoning Processes for Arguments

Back 64

Argument by logic, argument by generalization, argument by cause, argument by sign, argument by authority

Front 65

Argumentation by Logic

Back 65

Arguing using enthymemes (if a=b and b=c then a=c)

Front 66

Reasoning Processes for Arguments

Back 66

Argument by logic, argument by generalization, argument by cause, argument by sign, argument by authority

Front 67

Argumentation by Logic

Back 67

Arguing using enthymemes (if a=b and b=c then a=c)

Front 68

Argument by Generalization

Back 68

Arguing in which individual instances are assembled for the assertion of a general principle

Front 69

Reasoning Processes for Arguments

Back 69

Argument by logic, argument by generalization, argument by cause, argument by sign, argument by authority

Front 70

Argumentation by Logic

Back 70

Arguing using enthymemes (if a=b and b=c then a=c)

Front 71

Argument by Generalization

Back 71

Arguing in which individual instances are assembled for the assertion of a general principle

Front 72

Argument by Cause

Back 72

Arguing by cause and effect or effect and cause

Front 73

Reasoning Processes for Arguments

Back 73

Argument by logic, argument by generalization, argument by cause, argument by sign, argument by authority

Front 74

Argumentation by Logic

Back 74

Arguing using enthymemes (if a=b and b=c then a=c)

Front 75

Argument by Generalization

Back 75

Arguing in which individual instances are assembled for the assertion of a general principle

Front 76

Argument by Cause

Back 76

Arguing by cause and effect or effect and cause

Front 77

Argument by Sign

Back 77

Arguing based on a warrant that most things, conditions, or ideas have characteristics that will signal their presence

Front 78

Reasoning Processes for Arguments

Back 78

Argument by logic, argument by generalization, argument by cause, argument by sign, argument by authority

Front 79

Argumentation by Logic

Back 79

Arguing using enthymemes (if a=b and b=c then a=c)

Front 80

Argument by Generalization

Back 80

Arguing in which individual instances are assembled for the assertion of a general principle

Front 81

Argument by Cause

Back 81

Arguing by cause and effect or effect and cause

Front 82

Argument by Sign

Back 82

Arguing based on a warrant that most things, conditions, or ideas have characteristics that will signal their presence

Front 83

Argument from Authority

Back 83

Arguing that a clamps justified because it is held by a credible person

Front 84

5 Critical Values of Decision Making

Back 84

Clarity, significance, saliency, inherency, consistency

Front 85

Clarity

Back 85

Having clear arguments

Front 86

Clarity

Back 86

Having clear arguments

Front 87

Significance

Back 87

Determining the level of concern

Front 88

Clarity

Back 88

Having clear arguments

Front 89

Significance

Back 89

Determining the level of concern

Front 90

Saliency

Back 90

Determining what is relevant

Front 91

Clarity

Back 91

Having clear arguments

Front 92

Significance

Back 92

Determining the level of concern

Front 93

Saliency

Back 93

Determining what is relevant

Front 94

Inherency

Back 94

Recognizing the status quo (what's already there)

Front 95

Clarity

Back 95

Having clear arguments

Front 96

Significance

Back 96

Determining the level of concern

Front 97

Saliency

Back 97

Determining what is relevant

Front 98

Inherency

Back 98

Recognizing the status quo (what's already there)

Front 99

Consistency

Back 99

Making sure the argument stays rational

Front 100

Burden of Proof

Back 100

Identifies the responsibility to initiate an argument sufficient in strength to bring the decision makers to grant adherence

Front 101

Prima Facie

Back 101

When no burden of proof is left and a sufficient argument was made (at first sight)

Front 102

Burden of Rejoinder

Back 102

Identifies the need to reply to a case and develop a counter argument

Front 103

4 Ways to Construct a Case

Back 103

Stock, Monroe's problem solution, comparative advantages, criteria/definition

Front 104

4 Ways to Construct a Case

Back 104

Stock, Monroe's problem solution, comparative advantages, criteria/definition

Front 105

Stock issues

Back 105

Creating 3 main points to present in a case

Front 106

4 Ways to Construct a Case

Back 106

Stock, Monroe's problem solution, comparative advantages, criteria/definition

Front 107

Stock issues

Back 107

Creating 3 main points to present in a case

Front 108

Monroe's Problem Solution

Back 108

Using 5 steps to present a case (attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action)

Front 109

4 Ways to Construct a Case

Back 109

Stock, Monroe's problem solution, comparative advantages, criteria/definition

Front 110

Stock issues

Back 110

Creating 3 main points to present in a case

Front 111

Monroe's Problem Solution

Back 111

Using 5 steps to present a case (attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action)

Front 112

Comparative Advantages

Back 112

Compares the advantages of 2 or more policy changes when presenting a case

Front 113

4 Ways to Construct a Case

Back 113

Stock, Monroe's problem solution, comparative advantages, criteria/definition

Front 114

Stock issues

Back 114

Creating 3 main points to present in a case

Front 115

Monroe's Problem Solution

Back 115

Using 5 steps to present a case (attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action)

Front 116

Comparative Advantages

Back 116

Compares the advantages of 2 or more policy changes when presenting a case

Front 117

Criteria/Definition

Back 117

Working within the criteria of an argument when presenting a case