A&p Chapter 7

Front 1

The human skeleton consists of 206 named bones grouped into two principal divisions called?

Back 1

Axial skeleton and the
Appendicular skeleton

Front 2

The ____ skeleton consists of the bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body:

Back 2

Axial

Front 3

Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs, sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column. These are part of the ____ skelton.

Back 3

Axial

Front 4

The ____ skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities) and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Back 4

appendicular

Front 5

What bones are greater in length than in width and are often slightly curved for the purpose of weight bearing?

Back 5

Long

Front 6

The femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges are examples or ____ bones.

Back 6

Long Bones

Front 7

What bones include the carpals & tarsals?

Back 7

Short Bones (cube-shaped)

Front 8

What bones are thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone?

Back 8

Flat bones

Front 9

The cranial bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae, and clavicles are examples of ____ bones?

Back 9

Flat bones

Front 10

What bones include complex shapes like the vertebrae and some facial bones?

Back 10

Irregular bones

Front 11

What bones vary in number and protect tendons from excessive wear?
The best example is the patella.

Back 11

Sesamoid bones

Front 12

What bones can develop fractures due to friction, tension, and stress?

Back 12

Sesamoid bones

Front 13

What bones, also known as Wormian bones, are small extra bone plates located
within the sutures of cranial bones?

Back 13

Sutural bones

Front 14

Bones have characteristic surface markings - structural features adapted for?

Back 14

Specific functions.

Front 15

There are two major types of surface markings on bones. They are?

Back 15

Depressions and openings, and
Processes

Front 16

Depressions and openings of on/in bones allow the passage of?

Back 16

Blood vessels and nerves an they form joints

Front 17

Projections or outgrowths that form joints serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons are called?

Back 17

Processes

Front 18

While a process is any projection of bone (large or small), a ____ process is a slender projection from a vertebrae.

Back 18

Spinous

Front 19

What is an opening in
bone through which blood
vessels and/or nerves pass?

Back 19

foramen

Front 20

If a bony process is large, round, and articular, it might be called a?

Back 20

condyle

Front 21

The condyles of the humerus are the?

Back 21

Trochlea and the Capitulum

Front 22

What is a bony protuberance
above a condyle?

Back 22

An epicondyle

Front 23

What is a shallow
depression in bone?

Back 23

A fossa

Front 24

What is a small rounded projection?

Back 24

A tubercle

Front 25

What is a large bony prominence that is not articular?

Back 25

A tuberosity

Front 26

What is a tube-like canal?

Back 26

A meatus

Front 27

What are two very large bony projections on the femur?

Back 27

The trochanters

Front 28

There are 80 bones in the central (axial) skeleton, which conists of?

Back 28

Skull, Vertebral column (including the sacrum),
Ribs, and Sternum

Front 29

Besides forming the large cranial cavity, the skull also forms several other smaller cavities. They are?

Back 29

Nasal cavity,
Orbits (eye sockets),
Paranasal sinuses, and
Small cavities which house organs involved in hearing and equilibrium

Front 30

The bones of the skull are grouped into what two categories?

Back 30

Cranial bones, and
Facial bones

Front 31

They 8 cranial bones are? (Frank passes time on special equipment).

Back 31

Frontal bone (1)
Parietal bone (2)
Temporal bone (2)
Occipital bone (1)
Sphenoid bone (1)
Ethmoid bone (1

Front 32

The 14 Facial bones are? (My mothers zebra now likes peas in veal)

Back 32

Mandible (1)
Maxilla (2)
Zygomatic bone (2)
Nasal bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Inf. Nasal conchae (2)
Vomer (1)

Front 33

The braincase (neurocranium) has 8 bones. They are? (Some old eagle sat perched perfectly)

Back 33

Single frontal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid bones, paired temporal, parietal bones.

Front 34

What is a “seam” – an immovable joint between bones of the skull?

Back 34

A suture

Front 35

What are soft, mesenchyme-filled spaces between cranial bones in babies? They will become suture joints in adults.

Back 35

Fontanels (“little fountains”)

Front 36

What are prominent features of the frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, and maxillary?

Back 36

The paranasal sinuses

Front 37

With the exception of the ethmoid sinuses, the other paranasal sinuses are?

Back 37

paired

Front 38

What are lined with mucus
membranes that humidify
and warm the air? They also
reduce weight in the skull and
help to resonate the sound of our voice.

Back 38

paranasal sinuses

Front 39

Of the 8 cranial bones that fit together to form the braincase, the ____ bone is the “keystone”.

Back 39

sphenoid

Front 40

Besides protecting the brain, the skull provides a framework for: Attachment of muscles that move various parts of the head and?

Back 40

Attachment for muscles that produce facial expressions

Front 41

The facial bones form the framework of the face and provide support for the entrances to the ____ and ____systems.

Back 41

digestive and respiratory

Front 42

The spine is composed of a series of bones called?

Back 42

vertebrae.

Front 43

Vertebrae typically consist of?

Back 43

A body (weight bearing)
A pedicle and lamina
forming the vertebral arch
(surrounds the spinal cord)
Several processes (points
of attachment for muscles)

Front 44

There are 7 ____ ____in the neck region labeled C1-C7 .

Back 44

cervical vertebrae

Front 45

There are 12 ____ ____ that articulate with the ribs (T1-T12).

Back 45

thoracic vertebrae

Front 46

There are 5 ____ ____that support the lower back labeled L1-L5 .

Back 46

lumbar vertebrae

Front 47

The ____ and ____ are single bones that result from the fusion of several vertebrae.

Back 47

sacrum, and coccyx

Front 48

From the cervical region to the sacrum, each vertebra has a large central hole, or ____ ____ in which the spinal cord can travel.

Back 48

vertebral foramen

Front 49

At each segmental level, on both the right and left sides, an ____ ____ is formed for the exiting spinal nerves.

Back 49

intervertebral foremen

Front 50

What is found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae?

Back 50

A tough fibrocartilage intervertebral disc

Front 51

When viewed from the front, a normal adult vertebral column appears straight. When viewed from the side,
it has ____ slight bends which
constitute the normal spinal
curvatures.

Back 51

four

Front 52

Relative to the front of the body, the cervical and lumbar curves are convex or concave?

Back 52

convex (bulging out),

Front 53

The thoracic and sacral curves are convex or concave?

Back 53

concave (cupping in).

Front 54

What vertebrae comprise the bony spine in the neck?

Back 54

The cervical vertebrae

Front 55

C1 is called the ____because it holds up the head the way the Titan of Greek mythology supported the world.

Back 55

Atlas

Front 56

C2 is called the ____ because it provides a pivot, allowing the head to turn on the neck.

Back 56

Axis

Front 57

Without these first two specialized cervical vertebra, the head-on-neck range of motion would be very?

Back 57

limited

Front 58

Below the neck, each of the 12 pairs of what vertebrae articulate with a rib to form the posterior part of the thoracic cage?

Back 58

thoracic vertebrae

Front 59

Because the ____ vertebrae (5) bear greater loads, they are much stouter than their more superior cousins

Back 59

lumbar

Front 60

What is a single triangular body formed from a fusion of 5 separate vertebrae in-utero (during fetal development)?

Back 60

The sacrum

Front 61

What is commonly referred to as the tailbone, it is the final segment of the bony spine. It is also an in-utero fusion of 3–5 separate vertebrae.

Back 61

The coccyx,

Front 62

What is the final part of the axial skeleton? In addition to the thoracic vertebrae, it is formed from:The sternum
The ribs and costal cartilages

Back 62

The thoracic cage

Front 63

What serves to enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities? It also provides support for the bones of the upper limbs and plays a role in breathing.

Back 63

The thoracic cage

Front 64

What is located anteriorly in the center of the thoracic wall.

Back 64

The sternum or “breastbone”

Front 65

What consists of the manubrium, body, xiphoid process?

Back 65

The sternum or “breastbone”

Front 66

What are bars of hyaline cartilage connecting the sternum to the ribs? They contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage.

Back 66

The costal (having to do with the ribs) cartilages

Front 67

The upper 7 rib pairs are called ____ ____because they attach “directly” to the
sternum (with just a small piece of costal cartilage).

Back 67

true ribs

Front 68

The bottom 5 pairs of ribs (and this number can vary from one individual to another) are called?

Back 68

false ribs.

Front 69

Ribs 11 and 12 are called?

Back 69

floating ribs