Ap Biology Semester 1 Final

Front 1

What is biology?

Back 1

the study of life

Front 2

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Back 2

there's nucleus and membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes

Front 3

What do plants release to the atmosphere?

Back 3

oxygen

Front 4

What do plants convert to form chemical energy?

Back 4

light

Front 5

What converts light energy to chemical energy?

Back 5

plants in photosynthesis

Front 6

What is the maintenance of a stable internal environment?

Back 6

homeostasis

Front 7

What is hypothesis?

Back 7

a testable statement

Front 8

What bonds are broken in water when it evaporates?

Back 8

hydrogen

Front 9

What is surface tension?

Back 9

hydrogen bonds upon the surface of water

Front 10

How does water move in plants, against gravity?

Back 10

cohesion, adhesion - both of which use hydrogen bonds

Front 11

What are hydrogen bonds?

Back 11

attraction of a partial negative to a partial positive

Front 12

Why are some covalent bonds polar?

Back 12

differing electronegatives

Front 13

What is the importance of a control group?

Back 13

basis for knowing if the results are due to the variables tested

Front 14

Experiments test what?

Back 14

hypothesis

Front 15

At what temperature is water most dense?

Back 15

4 degrees C

Front 16

Why does ice float?

Back 16

hydrogen bonds in ice are farther apart than in liquid water

Front 17

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxide concentration of 10^-4?

Back 17

10

Front 18

What types of bonds are formed by carbon?

Back 18

covalent

Front 19

What function do carbohydrates serve in animals?

Back 19

energy storage

Front 20

Name two polysaccharides

Back 20

glycogen and starch

Front 21

What level of protein folding creates the 3 dimensional shape?

Back 21

tertiary

Front 22

What bond is formed when two amino acids bond together?

Back 22

peptide

Front 23

Where are phospholipids most commonly found?

Back 23

cell membrane

Front 24

What are the components of chloroplasts?

Back 24

stroma, grana, thylakoids

Front 25

What are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

Back 25

phospholipids, proteins

Front 26

What is diffusion?

Back 26

molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration

Front 27

What is active transport?

Back 27

molecules move against the concentration gradient with energy

Front 28

What is oxygen's role in cellular respiration?

Back 28

accepting electrons in ETC

Front 29

What is the function of the Krebs cycle?

Back 29

produces ATP, NADH, FADH2, release CO2

Front 30

Where does most of the energy come from in cellular respiration?

Back 30

ETC

Front 31

What donates electrons to the ETC?

Back 31

NADH

Front 32

What is the role of anaerobic respiration?

Back 32

convert pyruvate to lactate and regenerate NAD+

Front 33

What is the end result of mitosis?

Back 33

2 identical nuclei

Front 34

How many chromosomes are in the ovum of an organism that has 48 chromosomes?

Back 34

24

Front 35

How many unique gametes could be formed from AABbCCddEe?

Back 35

4

Front 36

What is the probability of having a son?

Back 36

1/2

Front 37

What does a 3:1 ratio in a monohybrid cross suggest?

Back 37

heterozygous parents

Front 38

What does a 9:3:3:1 ratio suggest?

Back 38

heterozygous parents

Front 39

In flowers with incomplete dominance determine the percent of offspring that have pink flowers when the parents had red and white flowers?

Back 39

100%

Front 40

What is polygenic inheritance?

Back 40

more than one gene for a trait - range of phenotypes (skin color)

Front 41

What did Griffith observe in mice during his transformation experiments?

Back 41

conversion of bacteria to pathogenic form

Front 42

What type of bond is between the bases of DNA?

Back 42

hydrogen

Front 43

If gene codes for 12,000 nucleotides, but only 200 are used for the protein, what could explain this phenomenon?

Back 43

introns (parts of the mRNA is edited out) and exons (expressed sequences)